Ocular Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
name the points
A
2
Q
Sclera
A
Maintains the eye’s shape
Has blood vessels(hard to see)
3
Q
Iris
A
4
Q
Cornea
A
- Water Repelling
5
Q
Zonular Fibers
A
6
Q
Vitreous
A
7
Q
Retina
A
- complex tissue that makes up internal two-thirds of back of eye
- innermost layer of eye
- detects light and sends sensory information to brain
- 10 layers
8
Q
Crystalline Lens
A
9
Q
Anterior Segment
A
10
Q
Posterior Segment
A
11
Q
Visual Perception
A
12
Q
What happens when light enters the eye
A
- Tear film
- Cornea(where 70% of eye’s refractive power is found)
- Anterior chamber
- Aqueous Humor
- Pupil
- Crystalline Lens
- Vitreous
- Retina
- Optic Nerve
- Brain
13
Q
Miosis & Mydriasis
A
Miosis - Constriction of pupil
Mydriasis - dilation of pupil(has a d for dilation)
14
Q
5 layers of cornea
A
15
Q
Epithelium layer of Cornea
A
16
Q
Bowman’s membrane layer of Cornea
A
17
Q
Stroma Layer of Cornea
A
18
Q
Descemet’s Membrane - Layer of Cornea
A
19
Q
Endothelium layer of Cornea
A
20
Q
Corneal Limbus
A
21
Q
bulbar conjunctiva
A
Part of conjunctiva that covers sclera
Contains blood vessels
22
Q
Palpebral Conjunctiva
A
Part of conjunctiva that lines the eyelids
23
Q
Fornix
A
Area where bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva meet
24
Q
Tear Film - Functions
A
- keeps tissue lubricated
- acts as a smooth optical surface to provide clear refraction
- flushes substances out of the eye
- protects against infections
- provides nutrients and oxygen
25
Key function of Lipid Layer
1. limit evaporation of aqueous layer
2. stabilize tear film
3. prevent dehydration of the corneal epithelium
26
Aqueous and Mucin Compent - Characteristics
1. Makes up most of tear film's volume
2. Forms gradient gel with soluble mucins
3. Heaviest concnetration of mucins at Ocular Surface, denisty decreases as you get closer to lipid layer
4. Secreted by Main and Accessory Lacrimal Glands
5. has bacteriostatic properties
27
Key Function of Aqueous Component
1. provide essential nutrients and oxygen to nonvascular cornea
2. hydrate and provide a smooth optical surface
3. Assist in removing waste products and debris
28
Main Lacrimal gland versus accessory glands(crying & normal tears)
Main lacrimal gland produces crying tears, normal tears produced by accessory glands
29
Ciliary muscle
sphincter muscel(shaped like doughnut)
inner diamter gets smaller when contracts, larger when relaxes
when eye looks far, ciliary muscle relaxes, which pulls on zonules, which pull on lens capsule, which cause lens to flatten(less convex), thus enabling lens to focus light on far away object
When eye views object at short distance, ciliary muscle contracts, causes tension to be released on suspensory ligaments and lens capsule, causes lens surface to be more convex
30
3 key layers of retina
31
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer
32
Rods and Cones
33
Macula Lutea
34
Fovea
Contains only cone photoreceptors
point of sharpest most acute visual activity
35
Limbus
36
Location of Main Lacrimal Gland and Accessory Lacrimal Glands
Main = Above Eye towards temple
Accessory = Eyelids
37
Lacrimal Glands - Name a few
38
Tear Film Thickness
7 t0 10 microns
39
What important lipid is in the lipid layer. What do they do?
phospholipids - provide stability at the interface between the lipid and aqueous layr
40
Mucin Component of Tear Film
1. Secreted by goblet cells in the conjunctiva
2. critical to providing protection to the cornea by holding aqueous layer in place
3. Two Types - membrane bound mucin and soluble mucin
4. adhere to the corneal epithelial cells
41
Describe two types of mucin
Membrane-bound mucin - bound to the surface of the corneal epithelium by sticky layer of glycocalyx
makes corneal surface more wettable
Soluble Mucin - secreted into tear film by conjunctival goblet cells
Interact with membrane-bound mucins to create wettable surface
42
Detailed Components of Aqueous Layer
43
Detailed components of Lipid Layer
44
Detailed Comonents of Mucin Layer
Some acts a viscoelastic Matrix for protection
Others like glue, securing the layers together
