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ABO > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cornea

A

Outer coat of eyeball covering the aqueous humor

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2
Q

Schlemm’s canal

A

Drains the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber into the bloodstream

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3
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Fluid found an anterior and posterior chamber, in front of the crystalline lens which keeps cornea moist and maintains pressure inside the eye

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4
Q

Iris

A

Regulates amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil

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5
Q

Pupil

A

Central opening of iris where light enters The eye

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6
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Transparent gelatinous material filling eyeball behind the crystalline lens

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7
Q

Cataract

A

Is when the crystalline lens, it’s capsule, or both become blurry, causing loss of vision

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8
Q

Retina

A

Innermost part of the eye. Formed of sensitive nerve elements connected with the optic nerve

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9
Q

Macula

A

Lays in the back of the retina, and surrounds the fovea to give distinct vision

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10
Q

Fovea

A

Small depression on retina and is of the macula, used for acute vision

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11
Q

Choroid

A

Gives nourishment to other parts of the eye and is found in between the sclera and retina

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12
Q

Sclera

A

White part of the eye

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13
Q

Crystalline lens

A

Lays between the iris and vitreous humor. Has refractive power and focuses light on the retina

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14
Q

Ciliary body

A

Creates aqueous humor fluid and allows crystalline lens focus at different

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15
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea?

A 
Epithelium 
Bowman's membrane
Stroma
Descemet's membrane
Endothelium
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16
Q

Epithelium

A

Has the ability to regenerate quickly

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17
Q

Bowman’s membrane

A

A tough barrier which the epithelium rests

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18
Q

Stroma

A

Made up of collagen fibers and keratocytes

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19
Q

Descemet’s membrane

A

Important for the health of the endothelial cells

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20
Q

Endothelium

A

Removes water from the cornea

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21
Q

Emmetropia

A

Light comes to focus on retina

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22
Q

Myopia

A

Light comes to focus in front of the retina

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23
Q

Nearsighted

A

Poor distance vision- myopia

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24
Q

Hyperopia

A

Light comes to focus behind the retina

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25
Farsighted
Poor close up vision- hyperopia
26
Simple myopic astigmatism
When one point of light comes to focus on the retina, and one point comes to focus in front of the retina
27
Simple hyperopic astigmatism
When one point of light comes to focus on the retina, and one point comes to focus behind the retina
28
Compound myopic astigmatism
When both points of light focus in front of the retina
29
Compound hyperopic astigmatism
When both points of light focus behind the retina
30
Mixed astigmatism
When one point of light comes into focus in front of the retina and the other point comes in focus behind the retina
31
Accommodation
Focusing on a near object through relaxation of the ciliary muscle and thickening of the crystalline lens
32
Cones
Greatest density is in the phobia, radiating outwardly from the movie. - Day vision - Detail - Color
33
Rods
Located in the retina, the population gradually increases farther away from the fovea. - Night vision - Peripheral vision - Black and white
34
Optic chiasm
The point at which the optic nerves cross once they have left the eye
35
Geniculate body
Where the optic nerve fibers end
36
Visual cortex
Where the conscious visual impulses take place
37
Fibrous tunic
Outer protective coat of the eye. Consists of the: - sclera - cornea
38
Vascular tunic
Also known as the uveal tract. Consists of three parts: - iris - ciliary body - choroid
39
Neural tunic
Consists of the retina
40
Effects of accommodation
- the ciliary muscle relaxes allowing for a thickening of the crystalline lens - the eyes converge - the pupils constrict
41
Phoria
A constant tendency for the eyes to turn from the normal position for binocular vision
42
Trophia
A definite and obvious turning of the eyes from the normal position for binocular vision
43
Exo
Out- right exophoria: a tendency of the right eye to move outward
44
Eso
In- left esotrophia: a definite turning inward of the left eye
45
Hyper
Up- right: a tendency of the right eye to turn upward
46
Hypo
Down- left: a definite turning downward of the left eye
47
Diplopia
Double vision
48
Amblyopia
The loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye
49
Ametropia
A refractive error in which the eye, when at rest does not focus the image on the retina - myopia - hyperopia - astigmatism
50
Aniseikonia
A condition in which the ocular image of an object in one eye differs in size or shape of that seen by the other eye, so that the two images can't be fused into a single impression
51
OD
Oculus Dexter- right eye
52
OS
Oculus Sinister- left eye
53
OU
Oculus Uterque- both eyes
54
Anisometopia
A condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power
55
Lateral rectus
Moves the eye outward, away from the nose
56
Medial rectus
Moves the eye inward, towards the nose
57
Superior rectus
Moves the eye upward and slightly outward
58
Inferior rectus
Moves the eye downward and slightly inward
59
Superior oblique
Moves the eye outward and downward
60
Inferior oblique
Moves the eye outward and upward
61
Presbyopia
The condition where the crystalline lens is unable to add sufficient power to focus near

ABO (2 decks)

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