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ABO > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cornea

A

Outer coat of eyeball covering the aqueous humor

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2
Q

Schlemm’s canal

A

Drains the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber into the bloodstream

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3
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Fluid found an anterior and posterior chamber, in front of the crystalline lens which keeps cornea moist and maintains pressure inside the eye

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4
Q

Iris

A

Regulates amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil

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5
Q

Pupil

A

Central opening of iris where light enters The eye

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6
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Transparent gelatinous material filling eyeball behind the crystalline lens

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7
Q

Cataract

A

Is when the crystalline lens, it’s capsule, or both become blurry, causing loss of vision

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8
Q

Retina

A

Innermost part of the eye. Formed of sensitive nerve elements connected with the optic nerve

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9
Q

Macula

A

Lays in the back of the retina, and surrounds the fovea to give distinct vision

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10
Q

Fovea

A

Small depression on retina and is of the macula, used for acute vision

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11
Q

Choroid

A

Gives nourishment to other parts of the eye and is found in between the sclera and retina

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12
Q

Sclera

A

White part of the eye

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13
Q

Crystalline lens

A

Lays between the iris and vitreous humor. Has refractive power and focuses light on the retina

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14
Q

Ciliary body

A

Creates aqueous humor fluid and allows crystalline lens focus at different

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15
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea?

A 
Epithelium 
Bowman's membrane
Stroma
Descemet's membrane
Endothelium
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16
Q

Epithelium

A

Has the ability to regenerate quickly

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17
Q

Bowman’s membrane

A

A tough barrier which the epithelium rests

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18
Q

Stroma

A

Made up of collagen fibers and keratocytes

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19
Q

Descemet’s membrane

A

Important for the health of the endothelial cells

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20
Q

Endothelium

A

Removes water from the cornea

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21
Q

Emmetropia

A

Light comes to focus on retina

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22
Q

Myopia

A

Light comes to focus in front of the retina

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23
Q

Nearsighted

A

Poor distance vision- myopia

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24
Q

Hyperopia

A

Light comes to focus behind the retina

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25
Q

Farsighted

A

Poor close up vision- hyperopia

26
Q

Simple myopic astigmatism

A

When one point of light comes to focus on the retina, and one point comes to focus in front of the retina

27
Q

Simple hyperopic astigmatism

A

When one point of light comes to focus on the retina, and one point comes to focus behind the retina

28
Q

Compound myopic astigmatism

A

When both points of light focus in front of the retina

29
Q

Compound hyperopic astigmatism

A

When both points of light focus behind the retina

30
Q

Mixed astigmatism

A

When one point of light comes into focus in front of the retina and the other point comes in focus behind the retina

31
Q

Accommodation

A

Focusing on a near object through relaxation of the ciliary muscle and thickening of the crystalline lens

32
Q

Cones

A

Greatest density is in the phobia, radiating outwardly from the movie.

  • Day vision
  • Detail
  • Color
33
Q

Rods

A

Located in the retina, the population gradually increases farther away from the fovea.

  • Night vision
  • Peripheral vision
  • Black and white
34
Q

Optic chiasm

A

The point at which the optic nerves cross once they have left the eye

35
Q

Geniculate body

A

Where the optic nerve fibers end

36
Q

Visual cortex

A

Where the conscious visual impulses take place

37
Q

Fibrous tunic

A

Outer protective coat of the eye. Consists of the:

  • sclera
  • cornea
38
Q

Vascular tunic

A

Also known as the uveal tract. Consists of three parts:

  • iris
  • ciliary body
  • choroid
39
Q

Neural tunic

A

Consists of the retina

40
Q

Effects of accommodation

A
  • the ciliary muscle relaxes allowing for a thickening of the crystalline lens
  • the eyes converge
  • the pupils constrict
41
Q

Phoria

A

A constant tendency for the eyes to turn from the normal position for binocular vision

42
Q

Trophia

A

A definite and obvious turning of the eyes from the normal position for binocular vision

43
Q

Exo

A

Out- right exophoria: a tendency of the right eye to move outward

44
Q

Eso

A

In- left esotrophia: a definite turning inward of the left eye

45
Q

Hyper

A

Up- right: a tendency of the right eye to turn upward

46
Q

Hypo

A

Down- left: a definite turning downward of the left eye

47
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

48
Q

Amblyopia

A

The loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye

49
Q

Ametropia

A

A refractive error in which the eye, when at rest does not focus the image on the retina

  • myopia
  • hyperopia
  • astigmatism
50
Q

Aniseikonia

A

A condition in which the ocular image of an object in one eye differs in size or shape of that seen by the other eye, so that the two images can’t be fused into a single impression

51
Q

OD

A

Oculus Dexter- right eye

52
Q

OS

A

Oculus Sinister- left eye

53
Q

OU

A

Oculus Uterque- both eyes

54
Q

Anisometopia

A

A condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power

55
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Moves the eye outward, away from the nose

56
Q

Medial rectus

A

Moves the eye inward, towards the nose

57
Q

Superior rectus

A

Moves the eye upward and slightly outward

58
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Moves the eye downward and slightly inward

59
Q

Superior oblique

A

Moves the eye outward and downward

60
Q

Inferior oblique

A

Moves the eye outward and upward

61
Q

Presbyopia

A

The condition where the crystalline lens is unable to add sufficient power to focus near

ABO (2 decks)

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