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Anatomy module 9 > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

lines the inner aspect of the eyelids

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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1
Q

Thin, transparent vascular tissue that extends from the limbusto the mucocutaneousjunction of the eyelid

A

Conjunctiva

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2
Q

covers the sclera

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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3
Q

Conjunctiva artery

A

anterior ciliary artery

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4
Q

Conjunctiva inervated by

A

CN V (ophthalmic division

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5
Q

Fine, thin, elastic layer which covers the sclera
Underneath the conjunctiva
Contains numerous blood vessels –> provide nourishment for the sclera

A

Episclera

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6
Q

Thick outer coat of the eye
Normally white and opaque
Avascular& fibrous (collagen)
Continuous with the cornea anteriorlyand with the dural sheath of the optic nerve posteriorly

A

Sclera

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7
Q

Transparent front “window”of the eye

Refracts light

A

Cornea

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8
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamousepithelium, regenerative ability

A

Corneal epithelium

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9
Q

collagen fibers

A

Bowmans layer

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10
Q

thick layer (90%) of regularly arranged collagen fibers (type 1), keratinocytes

A

Corneal stroma

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11
Q

thin, strong layer, discovered in 2013

A

Dua’s layer

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12
Q

thin acellularlayer that serves as the modified basement membrane of the endothelium, collage type IV

A

Descemet’s membrane

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13
Q

monolayer of cuboidalcells, not able to regenerate, responsible for the corne’sdeturgescence

A

Endothelium

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14
Q

The junction between cornea and sclera

A

Limbus

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15
Q

Limbus May develop whitening as part of old age

A

Arcus senilis

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16
Q

The space between the cornea and iris

A

Anterior chamber

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17
Q

Anterior chamber Contains a watery fluid called

A

Aqueous humor

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18
Q

Angle formed by the inner cornea and iris roots

Comprised of several structures that make up the eye’s drainage system

A

Anterior chamber angle

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19
Q

eye’s drainage system

A

trabecularmeshwork

Schlemm’scanal

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20
Q

middle, vascular layer of the eye

A

Uveal tract

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21
Q

Colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters the eye

A

Iris

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22
Q

hole at the center of the iris that, size is controlled by the iris muscles

A

Pupil

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23
Q

Accounts for the variety of eye colors seen

Dependent on the amount of pigment in the iris

A

Pigmented posterior surface of the iris

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24
Q

contains both dilator and sphincter muscles

A

Iris stroma

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25
Q

Contraction of the sphincter muscle

A

Pupil constriction

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26
Q

Contraction of the dilator muscles

A

Pupil dilation

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27
Q

Blood supply of the iris

A

Major circle of the iris

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28
Q

Sensory inervation of the iris

A

ciliary nerves

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29
Q

Circular opening at the center of the iris

Adjusts the amount of light entering the eye

A

Pupil

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30
Q

Pupil constriction

A

parasympathetic activity –CN III

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31
Q

Pupil dilation due to

A

Sympatethetic activity

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32
Q

Structure of the eye that produces aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body

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33
Q

Contraction of the ciliarybodyChanges the tension of the

A

Zonular fibers

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34
Q

Ciliary body Change in tension leads to increased thickness of the lens allows eye to focus at near objects

A

Accomodation

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35
Q

Vascular, pigmented layer between the sclera(externally) and the retina (internally)
Provides blood supply to the outer retinal layers

A

Choroid

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36
Q

Biconvex structureRefracts and focuses light on the retina

A

Crystaline lens

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37
Q

Crystalline lens Suspended in place by

A

Zonula fibers

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38
Q

Crystalline lens anteroposterior

A

4.0 to 5.0 mm

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39
Q

Crystalline lens equatorial diameter

A

9.0 to 10mm

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40
Q

narrow space behind the iris and in front of the zonulefibers Space anterior to the crystalline lens
Filled with aqueous humor
Normally acellular

A

Posterior chamber

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41
Q

Large space behind the lens
Extends up to the retina
Approximately 4.5 cc in volume

A

Vitreous cavity

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42
Q

Vitreous cavity Filled with a transparent gel-like material called

A

Vitreous humor

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43
Q

Thin, semitransparent, multilayer sheet of neural tissue lining the vitreous cavity

A

Retina

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44
Q

10 layers of retina

A
  1. Retinal pigment epithelium
  2. Photoreceptor
  3. Outer limiting membrane
  4. Outer nuclear layer
  5. Outer plexiformlayer
  6. Inner nuclear layer
  7. Inner plexiformlayer
  8. Ganglion cell layer
  9. Retinal nerve fiber layer
  10. Inner limiting membrane
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45
Q

Retina blood supply

A

Central retinal artery

Branch of the ophthalmic artery
supplies inner 1/3 of the retina

Choroid

Supplied by the ophthalmic artery
Supplies outer 2/3 of the retina

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46
Q

Area of the retina responsible for fine, central vision

A

Macula

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47
Q

oval depression in the center of the macula
Approximately 2 disc diameters away from the optic disc
Slight inferior to the optic disc

A

Fovea

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48
Q

not really a peripheral nerve, it is actually a direct extension of the CNS 1.2 M axons 50 mm long Synapses at the lateral geniculatenucleus

A

Optic nerve

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49
Q

Blood supply of optic nerve

A

Circle of zinn-haller
Short PCA
Choroidalcirculation
Pialvasculature

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50
Q

1 mm long; 1.5 mm H; 1.8 mm V

optic disc (visible by fundoscopy

A

Intra ocular

51
Q

25 mm in length; 3 to 4.5 mm in diam
lined by dura, arachnoid and pia mater
fuses at the apex of the orbit with periosteum and annulus of zinn

A

Intra orbital

52
Q

9 mm in length

Firmly anchored to the bone (optic canal

A

Intra canalicular

53
Q

10 mm long (3 -16 mm)

Just before it becomes the optic chiasm

A

Intra cranial

54
Q

Parietal and temporal lobes

A

Optic radiation

55
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex

56
Q

X-shaped structure wherein the medial fibers of both optic nerves decussate or cross to the other side
Suspended above the sellaturcica

A

Optic chiasm

57
Q

Paired structures posterior to the optic chiasm

Composed of lateral fibers from the ipsilateral optic nerve and medial fibers from the contralateraloptic nerve

A

Optic tract

58
Q

Sensory relay nucleus

Located in the thalamus

A

Lateral geniculate body

59
Q

Paired structures that carry visual information from the LGB to the visual cortex
Pass thru the parietal and temporal lobes

A

Optic radiation

60
Q

inferior fibers that pass through the temporal lobe looping around the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

A

Meyers loof

61
Q

Striate cortex or VI (Brodmann’sarea 17)
Occiptallobe
Responsible for image processing

A

Primary visual cortex

62
Q

Bony cavity which contains the eye
“pear-shaped”with the optic nerve representing its stem Medial walls are parallel to each other, separated by the ethmoidaland spenoidal sinuses

63
Q

Orbit

A

Volume: 30 cc

64
Q

Roof of the Orbit -composed of

A

Frontal bone

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

65
Q

Contains the Lacrimal gland fossa

A

Orbital plate of frontal bone

66
Q

Contains the optic canal

A

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

67
Q

Depression located at 4mm from orbital margin

Serves as the attachment of the cartilaginous pulley for the superior oblique muscle

A

Trochlear fovea

68
Q

Medial orbital wall composed of

A

Maxillary bone
Lacrimalbone
Ethmoidalbone
Lesser wing of the sphenoid

69
Q

Contains thenasolacrimalcanal and the lacrimalsac

paper thin medial wall : “lamina papyracea

A

Medial orbital wall

70
Q

Lateral wall of the orbit

A

Zygomaticbone

Greater wing of the sphenoid

71
Q

Thickest and strongest

A

Lateral wall of the orbit

72
Q

Site of attachment for: 1.Check ligament of lateral rectus muscle 2.Suspensoryligament of the eyeball 3.Lateral palpebral ligament 4.Aponeurosisof the levatorligament

A

Lateral orbital tubercle

73
Q

Roof of the maxillary sinus

A

Floor of the orbit

74
Q

Floor of the orbit made up of 3 bones

A

Maxillary bone (blow-out fractures)
Palatine bone
Orbital plate of zygomaticbone

75
Q

Arises from the orbital floor

only extraocularmuscle that does not originate from the orbital apex

A

Inferior oblique muscle

76
Q

Entry portal for all nerves and vessels to the orbit

Site of the Annulus of Zinn

A

Orbital apex

77
Q

ring of fibrous tissue comprised of the origins of the 4 rectiimuscles, superior oblique muscle, levator palpebrae

A

Annulus of zinn

78
Q

Site of the Annulus of Zinn

A

Orbital apex

79
Q

Foramen in the skull between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

A

Superior orbital fissure

80
Q

lacrimal& frontal branch of CN V Trochlearnerve (CN IV

A

Lateral outside the annulus of Zinn

81
Q

Superior and inferior divisions of CN III Nasociliarybranch of CN V Abducensnerve (CN VI) Superior ophthalmic vein

A

Medial within the annulus of zinn

82
Q

Optic nerve Ophthalmic artery

A

Optic canal

83
Q

Maxillary & pterygoidparts of CN V

Inferior ophthalmic vein

A

Inferior orbital fissure

84
Q

Blood supply of the orbit

A

Ophthalmic artery

1st major branch of the intracranial ICA

85
Q

enters the optic nerve 8-15 mm behind the globe; supplies the inner retina

A

Central retinal artery

86
Q

supplies the lacrimalgland and the upper eyelids

A

Lacrimal artery

87
Q

supplies the eyelid

A

Medial palpebral artery

88
Q

Anterior segment of the eye

A

Long Posterior CiliaryArteries

89
Q

Optic nerve, posterior surface of the eye

A

Short Posterior CiliaryArteries

90
Q

Venous drainage of the orbit

A

Vortex veins,
Anterior ciliaryveinsCentral retinal vein
Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins
Cavernous Sinus

91
Q

Outer structures that protect the eyeball

92
Q

Lubricates the eye surface

A

Meibomian gland within the tarsus

93
Q

normally covers about 2 mm of the superior limbus

94
Q

usually at the level of the inferior limbus

95
Q

Exposed zone between the upper and lower eyelids

In adults: 27 mm long and 8 to 11 mm wide

A

Interpalpebral fissure

96
Q

more mobile than the lower eyelidCan be raised 15 mm by the levatorconjunctiva

A

Upper eye lid

97
Q

Thinnest in the body

Eyelid fold: due to insertion of levator aponeurosis near the upper border of the tarsus (may not be present in Asians

98
Q

Has no fat content

A

Subcutaneous connective tissue

99
Q

Punctum
Eyelashes arise from the anterior portion of the lid margin
Orifices of the meibomiangland are located along the posterior portion of the lid margin

A

Lid margin

100
Q

Arranged in a concentric band around the interpalpebralfissure

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle

101
Q

Inserts into the medial canthaltendon, orbital rim and corrugatorsupercilimuscle
Sphincter like action, voluntarily controlled

A

Orbital of orbicularis muscle

102
Q

May be voluntary or involuntary (for normal and reflex blinking

103
Q

Extension of the periosteum of the roof and floor of the orbit Attaches to the anterior surface of the levator muscle
Provides a barrier to spread of blood or inflammation

A

Orbital septum

104
Q

Originates from a tendon that blends with the superior rectus and superior oblique muscles at the apex of the orbit

A

Levator muscle

105
Q

Produces the eyelid fold

A

Levator aponeurosis

106
Q

Elevates the eyelids

Innervated by superior division of CN III

A

Superior tarsal muscle

Muellers muscle

107
Q

Consist of dense connective tissue not cartilage

Attached to the orbital margin by the medial and lateral palpebralligaments

108
Q

Part of tarsus

Modified holocrineglands –> oily layer of the tear film

A

Meibomian glands

109
Q

Narrow, highly vascularized, crescent-shaped fold of conjunctival tissue
Rich in goblet cells
Analogous to the nictating membrane in lower animals

A

Plica semilunaris

110
Q

Small, fleshy, ovoid structure

Contains sebaceous glands and fine colorless hair

111
Q

Located in the frontal bone

A

Lacrimal gland

112
Q

inner to the LA

A

Palpebral part of lacrimal gland

113
Q

outer to the LA

A

Orbital part of lacrimal gland

114
Q

Blood supply of lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal artery

115
Q

Flow of tears is mediated by pumping of the nasolacrimalsac by the orbicularisoculimuscle

A

Nasolacrimal sac

116
Q

Opens into nasal cavity (inferior nasal meatus)

Valve of Hasner

A

Nasolacrimal duct

117
Q

Extraocular muscle

A

Six muscles per eye

4 rectimuscles Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus Lateral rectus

2 obliques Superior oblique Inferior oblique

118
Q

away from the nose

119
Q

Towards the nose

120
Q

Upward

A

Elevation/supraduction

121
Q

Downward

A

Depression/infraduction

122
Q

rotation of the upper pole of the vertical meridian of the eye towards the nose

A

Intorsion/incyclotorsion

123
Q

rotation of the upper pole of the vertical meridian of the away from the nose

A

Extorsion/excyclotorsion

124
Q

Need to memorize

A

Medial rectus: adducts
Lateral rectus: abducts
Superior rectus: elevates, adducts, intorts
Inferior rectus: depresses, adducts, extorts
Superior oblique: intorts, abducts, depresses
Inferior oblique: extorts, abducts, elevates

125
Q

Blood supply of extra occular muscle

A

Muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery

126
Q

Nerve supply of extra ocular muscle

A

CN III: innervates superior, medial, inferior rectus muscles and the inferior oblique
CN IV: innervates the superior oblique
CN VI: innervates the lateral rectus

Anatomy module 9 (1 decks)

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