Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine I > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Obj: Innervation of extraocular muscles

A
  • Oculomotor (CN III)
  • Trochlear (CN IV)
  • Abducens (CN VI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Obj: Purpose of tapetum

A

Allows for second stimulation of photoreceptors - increases low-light vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Obj: Vascular patterns in the retina

A
  • Holangiotic Vascular Pattern
  • Merangotic Pattern
  • Paurangiotic
  • Anangiotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the medical abbreviations for the eyes?

A
  • OD - Oculus dexter
    • Right eye
  • OS - Oculus sinister
    • Left eye
  • OU - Oculi uterque
    • Both eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What animals have an enclosed orbit?

A
  • Cows, sheep, horses, goats, and primates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of orbit are seen in pigs & carnivores?

A
  • Incomplete or Open
  • Supraorbital ligament connects frontal and zygomatic bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures can have effects on the Orbit?

A
  • Bones - breaks, malunion
  • Sinuses- frontal and maxillary
  • Ramus of the Mandible
  • Foramina
  • Muscles of mastication - inflammation
  • Teeth - upper 4th premolar - root abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the innervation of the Extraocular Muscles?

A
  • Oculomotor (CN III)
    • dorsal (superior) rectus
    • Ventral (inferior) rectus
    • medial rectus
    • ventral (inferior) oblique muscles
  • Trochlear (CN IV)
    • Dorsal (superior) oblique muscles
  • Abducens (CN VI)
    • Retractor bulbi muscle
    • lateral rectus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the rectus muscles of the eye do?

A
  • Rotate globe in the direction of their name
    • Dorsal (superior) rectus
    • Ventral (inferior) rectus
    • Medial rectus
    • Lateral rectus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the Oblique muscles of the eye?

A
  • Dorsal (superior) oblique muscle - intorsion of the globe
  • Ventral (inferior) oblique muscle - extorsion of the globe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the components of the Eyelid?

A
  • Skin
  • Cilia
  • Subcutaneous CT
    Muscles
  • Meibomian glands
  • Conjunctiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the Eyelids?

A
  • Corneal protection
  • Production, distribution, and drainage of tear film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the muscles of the Eyelid? innervation? Function?

A
  • Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
    • innervated by CN III
    • Elevates upper eyelid
  • Obicularis oculi Muscle
    • Innervated by CN VII
    • Blink
  • Mueller’s muscle
    • smooth muscle
    • Sympathetic tone
    • Widens palpebral fissure
      • Elevates upper eyelid
      • Depresses lower eyelid
      • Horner’s syndrome loss of sympathetic innervation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the glands are part of the orbit?

A
  • Orbital Lacrimal Gland
    • ~60 - 70% of aqueous tear fluid
    • Superior-temporal orbit
  • Gland of the 3rd eyelid
    • Base of 3rd eyelid
    • ~30 - 40% of aqueous tear fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Conjunctiva?

A
  • Mucus membrane
  • Palpebral conjunctiva
    • Lines inner surface of eyelids
  • Bulbar conjunctiva
    • Covers surface of globe
  • Nictitans membrane
  • Conjunctival fornices
    • loose soft tissue where the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva meet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the layers of the eye?

A
  • Fibrous tunic
    • Cornea
    • Sclera
  • Vascular Tunic
    • Anterior uvea
      • Iris
      • Ciliary body
    • Posterior uvea
      • Choriod
  • Neural tunic
    • Retina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the layers of the Cornea

A
  • Epithelium
  • Stroma
  • Descemet’s membrane
  • Endothelium
17
Q

describe the cornea

A
  • Richly innervated
    • sensory nerves
    • pain receptors from long ciliary nerve
      • ophthalmic division of CN V)
      • Superficial cornea more innervated with pain receptors
    • Varies with age, species, skull shape, systemic disease
  • Optical clarity
    • No pigment or blood vessels
    • Non-myelinated nerve fibers
    • Relatively dehydrated
    • Arrangement of collagen fibrils
  • Thickness: <1mm
    • Varies by species and location
    • Central cornea thinnest
    • Peripheral cornea thickest
18
Q

Describe the corneal epithelium

A
  • Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    • 25-40 um in dogs, cats
    • 2 - 4x thicker in horses, cattle
  • Lipophilic
  • Barrier to drugs
19
Q

Describe the Descemet’s membrane

A
  • BM of corneal endothelium
  • Lipophilic
    • does not retain fluorescein
20
Q

Describe the endothelium of the cornea

A
  • Single layer of flattened cells
  • Poor regenerative ability
  • Na+/K+ ATPase pump removes fluid from stroma
  • Cornea relatively dehydrated
  • 75 - 85% water
21
Q

Describe the structure of the Sclera

A
  • Limbus
    • corneoscleral junction
    • variably pigmented
  • Lamina cribosa
    • optic nerve passes through sclera
  • Thickness varies considerably
    • thinnest near equator (0.12mm dog)
22
Q

What are the structures of the Uveal Tract

A
  • Anterior uvea
    • Iris
    • Ciliary body
  • Posterior Uvea
    • Choroid
      • tapetum
23
Q

What are the muscles of the iris?

A
  • Iris sphincter muscle (pink)
  • Iris dilator muscle (purple)
    • smooth muscle - mammals
    • striated muscle - birds/reptiles
24
Q

What type of innervation does the iris have?

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetis
25
Q

What is the Ciliary Body?

A
  • Pars plicata
    • production of aqueous humor by nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium
  • Pars plana
  • Zonules
    • attach ciliary body process to the equator of the lens
  • Ciliary body muscle
    • Accommodation
26
Q

What is the Conventional outflow pathway of Aqueous Humor?

A
  • Ciliary body epithelium
  • Posterior chamber
  • Pupil
  • Anterior chamber
  • Iridocorneal angle
  • Vortex veins
  • Systemic circulation
27
Q

What is the unconventional outflow pathway of Aqueous Humor Outflow?

A
  • Uveoscleropathway
  • Iris Stroma
  • Ciliary body stroma
  • Supraciliary-suprachoroidal space
  • Sclera
  • Systemic circulation
28
Q

What is the Posterior Uvea composed of?

A
  • Choroid
  • Comprised primarily of blood vessels
  • Choriocapillaris
    • Main source of nutrition for outer layers of retina
  • Tapetum
  • Large vessel layer
29
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum?

A
  • Reflective layer in the inner choroid
  • located in the Dorsal Fundus
  • Allows second stimulation of photoreceptors
30
Q

What animals do NOT have a tapetum lucidum?

A
  • Humans
  • red kangaroo
  • squirrels
  • llamas / alpacas
  • pigs
31
Q

What is the Retina made up of? what does it do?

A
  • Rods and cones
    • Rods = dim light
      • shapes and motion
    • Cones = daylight
      • color vision
      • visual acuity
  • Area centralis - area of high cone density in domestic animals
  • Fovea-primates - cone-rich area in some birds/reptiles
  • Potential space between Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Photoreceptors
    • Retinal detachments
    • Retina is firmly attached
    • optic nerve head
    • Ora ciliaris retinae
32
Q

name this vascular pattern

A

Holangiotic Vascular Pattern

33
Q

Name this vascular pattern

A

Merangiotic Pattern

34
Q

name this vascular pattern

A

Paurangiotic Vascular Pattern

35
Q

Name this vascular pattern?

A

Anangiotic Vascular pattern

36
Q

What are the structures of the Lens

A
  • Lens capsule
    • Canine anterior lens capsule 50-70 um
    • Canine posterior lens capsule 2-4 um
  • Anterior epithelium
  • Lens fibers
  • Equator
  • Nucleus
  • Cortex
37
Q

What is Vitreous Humor?

A
  • Occupies up to ⅔ volume of the globe
  • Transparent, jelly-like material
    • ~99% water, collagen, hyaluronic acid
  • Functions:
    • Transmit light
    • Maintain the normal retinal position
38
Q

What is the Optic Nerve

A
  • Retinal ganglion cell axons leave nerve fiber layer and form the optic nerve
  • Pass through the optic chiasm
  • Nerves cross over (Decussation)
39
Q

What is the Optic Nerve

A
  • Retinal ganglion cell axons leave nerve fiber layer and form the optic nerve
  • Pass through the optic chiasm
  • Nerves cross over (Decussation)

Medicine I (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions