October

Question 1

Court of Charles 1

Answer 1

• Reordered morals, manners and etiquette of life at court
• Formal regime, moral restraint, royal virtue at heart of kingdom
• Access to king restricted

Question 2

George Villiers

Answer 2

• held all titles – favouritisim/privileges of king – unusal amounf o power/influence in short amount of time- favourite from 1615- 1625
  Power would’ve increased if England went to war- military power
  (No military experience but an admiral)
  Personal influence as well as political – ‘gentleman of his majesty’s bedchamber’-private acces Wen to Madrid together in 1623
  Overall unpopularity due to : closeness to king-decision making, court faction had more success=enemies. Complaints – monoploised patronage- needed buckinghams support to advance in career. Controlled access to the king. Only kings death would break his power

-half brother knighted in 1616 Edward
- mother countess of Buckingham 1618

Question 3

villiers Survived in Charles reign

Answer 3

– close friends , insecure man susceptible to Buckingham’s confidence and knowledge of gov/parliament. Charles flattered by attention of James fav

Question 4

Charles 1 character

Answer 4

• Insecure , had a stutter, was short and strong Scottish accent
• Disliked long conversations of parliament unlike James
• Not boisterous , argumentative at court like his father
• Sensitive,cultured young man- passion for art
• Not intellectual like his father and elizabeth
• reserved shy – few loyal trusted companions, lving wife and 7 kids

Question 5

Charles Aims

Answer 5

-maintain law and order in kingdoms, effective jusice system
-defend kingdom from threats (conduct foreign policy,strong public image,strong military)
-effective religious leadership,order in church of eng,scottish kirk and irish
-manage finance

Question 6

Aims weren’t problematic BUT how he dealt with them

Answer 6

– being rigid – didn’t go down well with parliament
Not strong bond betw monarch and contry like james
Poor communaion , shy -coudlnt cop with turbulence across eng,Scotland and Ireland
Strict divine status, james was flexible

Question 7

Divine right of kings theory

Answer 7

God hcose king – archbishop acted on popes behalf as gods represnatative on earth
- service where church passed gods authority onto the king
- henry v111s break with rome changed it to = Supreme Head of The church
sacred (church) and temporal (kingly) power in one monarch
- James 1 book = by 17C belief widely held
- Charles built on theories turned into new public genre of art and architecture (les subtle/avoidable)

Question 8

Opposition to divine right

Answer 8

Parliament – members rejcted view of monarchical power- monarch not above law
Sweeped parliaments independent authority and subjecting to royal will(over will of the people)

Catholics – refused to accept popes authorti displaced- gods representative on earth

Puritans – believed king only had earthly power,not allowed to appoint bishiops/other spiritual leaders

Question 9

Charles response to opposition

Answer 9

Response = intsenfiy affirmations of divine right. James = lectured parliament,scolding them . charles = more subtle- turned his powers into tools to reinforce his authority and stronger response to opposition

Question 10

Worry of royal absolutism

Answer 10

Increasingly established in Europe – court of France and spain
Brother in law louis x111 actions and his wifes alarmed the nation
BUT little to indicate he would actually

Question 11

Charles use of art/architecture

Answer 11

Show divine right of kings, not subtle – hard to avoid – conveyed his power/authority, made use of Hampton court. Ceilings at whitehall – peter paul reubens
Inigo jones- (architect of queens court+house), banqueting hall at whitehall

Question 12

Henrietta maria

Answer 12

-15 when she marries Charles, French king hoped to strengthen anti-spanish alliance
Caused political,religious and foreign policy tensions in England after 1625
Catholic + fervent catholic mother Marie – hoped her daughter would protect English catholics
= increasing influence at court = encourages other Catholics - like Francis Cottington- Charles secretary in 1622
Puritans held her responsible for keeping ‘romish devilry’ alive
1628 – drew closer to Charles , fulfilling wifely duty , 9 pregnancies

Question 13

Court Masques

Answer 13

Charles 1 court culture = masques as lavish entertainment
Masques = spectacular stage performances, extravagant sets and special effects- elements of theatre,opera,royal pageantry
BUT had serious purpose = underlined royal authority , remind courtiers of authority and responsibility. Showed ranges of issues. Charles court – fussy,based on morality, e.g. no drunkneess in court

Queen = enthusiast of masques – brough her French style
Puritans objected – said acting was ungodly anf participation of women immoral

Question 14

Royal courts as a power source

Answer 14

Royal courts = At the heart of tudor and stuart gov
Centre of the court = inner sanctum (private rooms ) where king lived slept ate , consulted with friends and advisors = privileged access (close to power)
Less favouritism like James court

Question 15

Virgin mary

Answer 15

Queens love for arts – associated her with virgin mary – atmosphere in queens court caused religious tension

Question 16

Buckingham in the inner sanctum

Answer 16

• Shows how access to king was shortcut to power
• Influence destroyed functionality of the inner sanctum – had replaced king as font of patronage and power , gave royal favour to his own faction = resented

Question 17

Charles court (caroline court)

Answer 17

• Charles rapidly reformed when he overtook in 1625= moral and orderly – reserved,dignified
• Buckingham initially dominated, men fought for promotion of positions-charles instructed gentry – more time fulfilling duties less time in London
  One member of gentry – William palmer = fined £1000 in Star Chamber for being in London without permission
• Cut off access to royal person
• Temperate/moderate = rule of decorum – ach rank has appointed place

Question 18

Charles court as less effective

Answer 18

• Less access to king, isolated from natural advsiors – useful advice missed out
• Point of control disappearing

Question 19

Court Vs Country theory

Answer 19

Theory cause of civil war = charles reorder of court failed to make impression on public
Charles personal rule alienated country – court seen as catholic , exclusive and corrupt , un-english
When charles = crisis in 1642 – failed to gain support from gentry