Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

227II STUDY GUIDE > OCTA 227 Midterm > Flashcards

OCTA 227 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

STROKE (CVA)

A

Sudden loss of blood supply to the brain that damages & kills brain cells resulting in neurological deficits related to the involved areas of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

paralysis on one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

partial motor loss on one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Warning Signs of a stroke:

A

*Numbness/Weakness
*Confusion
*Slurred Speech/Severe Headache
*Blurred vision
*Dizziness
*
Never…..SCBDD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Right sided hemiplegia & sensory loss
  • Right visual field cuts
  • Impaired R/L discrimination, verbal apraxia
  • Decreased analytical thinking, impaired logic, time concepts, memory, aphasia
A

Left CVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Left sided weakness & sensory loss
  • Left field cuts, visual neglect
  • Unilateral neglect
  • Impaired attention span, understanding of whole, decreased creativity
  • Impulsivity, emotional lability
  • -Decreased ability to differentiate between gesture, decreased learning for familiar info
A

Right CVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

low muscle tone

A

hypotonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

high muscle tone

A

hypertonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Synergy Patterns (Flexion)

A
  • Scapular adduction & elevation
  • Humeral abduction & external rotation
  • Elbow flexion
  • Digit flexion
  • Forearm supination
  • Wrist flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Synergy Patterns (Extension)

A
  • Scapular abduction & depression
  • Humeral adduction & internal rotation
  • Elbow extension
  • Digit flexion or extension
  • Forearm pronation
  • Wrist flexion or extension

SHED FIELD WORK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of OT with Stroke pts

A
  • Improving motor function on affected side
  • Integrating sensory, visual perceptual, & cognitive functions
  • Facilitating maximal level of functional independence
  • Encourage return to life roles as possible
  • Promote health management & maintenance behaviors to prevent recurrent stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Signs of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)

A 
Skin-texture
Skin-color
Skin-temperature
Swelling 
Stiffness
Pain
Motor disability
Hypersensitive to cold
Hair/nail growth patterns 
 EDEMA, 
IRREGULAR BLOOD FLOW

Treatments (C R I M P L W)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Treatment for RSD

A

Chronic pain syndrome that develops in upper and lower extremities especially after brain injuries.

                      C. R. I. M. P. L. W
  • Coban wrap, compression , cortisone(oral)
  • Retrogade massage
  • Ice
  • Movement…..AROM or PROM
  • Positioning——Elevating
  • Lymph drainage
  • Wrist flexion (AVOID)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

APHASIA DEFINED

TREATMENTS

TYPES OF APHASIA

A 
DEFINED
Communication disorder resulting in impaired Speech….Writing……Reading…..Listening 
Speech Production
Language Comprehension
DOES NOT IMPAIR I.M.P.S
Intellectual 
Motor
Psychiatric
Sensory
******************************************************************
                            TREATMENT
C——COLLABORATE WITH SLP
R—.   REPHRASE
I—.    INCLUDE FAMILY 
M—.  MESSAGES SHORT AND SIMPLE
P—.   PRAISE EFFORTS AND ATTEMPTS
E-      EYE CONTACT
R—-   RESPONSE TIME
G—-Gestures
I——Instructions 
F—Face to Face
******************************************************************
                            SEVERAL TYPES: 
Broca’s 
Wernicke’s 
Global
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

(expressive, non fluent )

Understanding of language is in tact
Difficulties with spoken language
Difficulty with speech production
Choppy, slow and labored sentences
Mispronunciations 
Alert and oriented
Give responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

(receptive, fluent)

Weird erroneous speech output language 
Reduced comprehension
Anosognosia—-unawareness of erroneous      
                      language
Paraphasic—wrong word substitution

Neologism— made up words/mixed language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Global Aphasia

A

loss of both language skills

ability to speak in usually gone

may appear to respond to gestures

voice tone changes

facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Praxis

A

The ability to plan and perform purposeful movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apraxia

A

An impairment in praxis, deficit in the ability to perform purposeful movement despite normal motor power, sensation, coordination, and general comprehension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 types of Apraxia?

A
  1. Ideomotor
  2. Constructional
  3. Ideational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

A type of apraxia that involves the ability to perform a motor act on command.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A type of apraxia that is a deficit in the ability to copy, draw, or construct a design, whether on command or spontaneously

A

Constructional Apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A type of apraxia that involves the inability to comprehend concept of movement or execute act automatically or in response to a command (difficulty sequencing, etc)

A

Ideational Apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A medical scale used to assess individuals after a closed head injury, including traumatic brain injury, based on cognitive and behavioral presentations as they emerge from coma

A

Rancho Los Amigos Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An injury that results from a penetrating (open) or nonpenetrating (closed injury to the brain

A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

direct trauma to the head by an object that penetrates the skull and brain

A

Open Brain Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

caused by acceleration, deceleration, and rotational forces are applied to the head that cause brain tissue to shear (tear apart)

A

Closed brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 6 types of attention?

A
  • Focused
  • Sustained
  • Selective
  • Alternating
  • Divided
  • Concentration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A type of attention that gives you ability to respond to different kinds of stimulation

A

Focused Attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A type of attention that gives you the ability to maintain attention for a long time (vigilance)

A

Sustained Attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A type of attention that gives you the ability to activate and inhibit responses selectively

A

Selective Attention

32
Q

A type of attention that gives you the ability to alternate back and forth between mental tasks

A

Alternating Attention

33
Q

A type of attention that gives you the ability to do several things at once

A

Divided Attention

34
Q

A type of attention that gives you the ability to do mental work while attending tasks

A

Concentration

35
Q

disorder that causes lasting pain, usually in an arm or leg, and it shows up after an injury, stroke, or even heart attack

A

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)

36
Q

used to asses edema

A

Volumeter

37
Q

What are some ways to manage edema:

A
  • Elevation
  • Massage
  • Compression
  • AROM
38
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt appears to be in deep sleep, completely unresponsive to any stimuli

A

No response

39
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt reacts inconsistently and non-purposefully; responses may be delayed

A

Generalized response

40
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt responds specifically but inconsistently with delays to stimuli; turns head to sound (not consistent)

A

Localized response

41
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt has a heightened state of activity with decreased ability to process info; responds primarily to their own internal confusion; may be euphoric or hostile; may overreact to stimuli

A

Confused-Agitated Response

42
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt appears alert and is able torespond to simple commands fairly consistently; as complexity increases, responses become non-purposeful, fragmented; maybe agitated as a result of external stimuli; out of proportion to stimuli

A

Confused-Inappropriate, Non-Agitated

43
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt appears to have goal-directed behavior but is dependent on the external input for direction

A

Confused- Appropriate

44
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt follows simple directions consistently and shows carry-over for relearned task (self-care) ; increased awareness of self, family, and basic needs

A

Automatic- Appropriate

45
Q

a response on the rancho los amigos scale where the pt appears appropriate and oriented within hospital and home setting; completes ADLs automatically(robot-like) with supervision due to decreased insight and reactional activities; need routine

A

Purposeful- Appropriate

46
Q

humerus drops and supraspinatus and other muscles stretch

A

Subluxation

47
Q

Treatment for subluxation:

A

Affected extremity supported at all times:
Bed- proper support to achieve alignment
W/C- lapboard
Ambulating/Transferring- Kinesiotaping, sling

48
Q

Modified Diet Progression:

A

Food: Puree, fine chopped, mechanical soft, regular

Liquids: Pudding, honey thick, nectar thick, thin

49
Q

Dressing sequence for Hemiplegia Pts: Shirt

A

Putting shirt on (dress): affected extremity first and then unaffected extremity

Taking shirt off (undress): unaffected extremity first and the the affected extremity

50
Q

Dressing sequence for Hemiplegia Pts: Pants

A

Cross affected leg over unaffected leg and put affected leg in first followed by unaffected leg

51
Q

Considerations for feeding candidates:

A

Decrease: Distractions,

Increase: complexity of task, short step directions, arranging items, how much time

52
Q

levels 1-3: Total assistance
levels 4-6: Confused/Agitated
levels 7/8: Automatic/Purposeful

A

Ranch Los Amigos Scale

53
Q

an approach that seeks to improve and restore cognitive skills

A

Remedial approach

54
Q

an functional approach that uses intact cognitive skills to compensate for deficits

A

Adaptive approach

55
Q

An adaptive approach that normally would use rehabilitation model to promote adaptation of/to the environment so pt is successful in occupations

A

Top Down Approach

56
Q

An remedial approach that normally would use the biomechanical model to restore function, working on lower level skills, and focusing on impairment to be successful in occupations

A

Bottom Up approach

57
Q

Remedial approach for Memory Deficits:

A
  • organization facilitates recall

* attention training results in improved memory

58
Q

Adaptive approach for Memory Deficits:

A
  • Active listening
  • Note taking (lists, schedules, direction)
  • Rehearsal (retaining through mental repetition; working memory)
59
Q

Remedial Approach for Problem Solving Deficits:

A
  • Have pt read & reread directions
  • Train pt to generate alternatives
  • Teach pt to evaluate and select most effective alternatives
60
Q

Adaptive Approach for Problem Solving Deficits:

A
  • Instruct pt to check for errors before proceeding
  • Provide external cues to reduce pts use of inappropriate strategies
  • Teach pt importance of asking for help when unable to solve a problemy
61
Q

Remedial Approach for Visual Perception Organization & Processing Skills:

A
  • Assumes the adult brain can repair/reorganize after injury
  • Seeks to cause CNS function
  • Can use these approaches: sensory-integrative, neurodevelopment, transfer-of-training
62
Q

Adaptive Approach for Visual Perception Organization & Processing Skills:

A
  • Tx is repetitive; relies on the intact portions of the brain to compensate
  • Make pt aware of deficit & teach pt to work with deficit & adapt the environment
63
Q

When grading an activity what are the cognitive considerations?

A
  • Environment
  • Complexity of task
  • Directions
  • Spatial Arrangement of items
  • Time
64
Q

What are the different remedial approach?

A
  • Bottom up approach
  • Sensory integrative
  • Neurodevelopmental
  • Transfer-of-learning
65
Q

an remedial approach that integrates sensations into normal activity

A

Sensory Integrative

66
Q

an remedial approach that restore normal movement through handling techniques & repetitive movements

A

Neurodevelopmental

67
Q

an remedial approach that assumes practice in specific perceptual skill drills will generalize to better performance in daily activities that require the same perceptual skills; generalization

A

Transfer-to-learning

68
Q

Pt will complete toilet transfers
Pt will Self feed
Pt will complete lower body dressing

A

LTG’s

69
Q

Pt will perform toilet transfers with MOD assist from bed to BSC using grab bars PRN within one week

A

STG

70
Q

Pt will perform self feeding with min assist within one week

A

STG

71
Q

Therapeutic activity for muscle strength and resistance

A

Have pt seated upright in a chair. Pt will place theraband under feet & use the affected forearm to pull up with multiple reps followed by the affected arm and repeat

72
Q

Therapeutic activity for sitting balance

A

Have pt seated on firm surface with mirror in front. Have therapist use verbal and physical cues for pt to sit upright. If pt slouch he can use hand to push body upright. Once pt can sit upright and maintain the position the therapists will push pt sided to side, front to back. Pt cant tip over

73
Q

Therapeutic activity for reaching and stretching

A
  • Have pt seated in a chair at a table and place a physio ball in front of him. Have pt roll ball back and forth and side to side crossing the midline on the table. switch arms
  • Grabbing velcro balls off wall behind him and placing them in bin in front of him
74
Q

Therapeutic activity for ROM

A
  • Have pt seated in between an elevated table and a regular table. Have pt grab cones off regular table and place on elevated table repeatedly until cones are all on the elevated table.
  • Graded arc seated
75
Q

Therapeutic activity for core strength & endurance

A
  • have pt seated in chair playing ball toss

* seated tossing bean bags in 3 bins

76
Q

Therapeutic activity for balance

A
  • have pt practice sit to stands with out hands

* ring toss seated EOB

227II STUDY GUIDE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions