Oct 29 2022

Question 1

what is the syntax for return by address

Answer 1

Int * fun(int n) {
int *p=new int[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
p[i]=i+1;
return p;
}

Question 1

what is the syntax for return by reference

Answer 1

Int & fun(int &a) {
cout«a;
return a; }

Question 2

Explain Code

Int & fun(int &a) {
cout«a;
return a; }
Int main() {
int x=10; fun(x)=25; cout«x;
}

Question 3

What does all of these mean

Return by Reference
* A function cal return reference
* It should not return reference of its local variables
* It can return formal parameters if they are reference

Once you understand these see what was the factor that made you understand this

Question 4

What does all of these mean

Return by Reference
* A function cal return reference
* It should not return reference of its local variables
* It can return formal parameters if they are reference

Once you understand these see what was the factor that made you understand this

Question 5

What are the main points regarding local variables vs global Variables

Answer 5

Local Variable
1) Local Variables are only accessible in that function ( even main)
2) Once the function terminates the they are removed from memory

Vs

Global Variable
1) Accessible by all functions
2) They are in the memory as long as the program is running

Question 6

Where are the global variables stored

Answer 6

The code Section , created at loading time before the execution of the program

Question 7

Where are local variables stored

Answer 7

The Stack

Question 8

What is difference and similarity b/w between Static. and global variable

Answer 8

Similarity
-> They are both there till the end of program
They are created in code section

Difference
-> Anybody function can access global variable , only function where the static variable was declared can access the static variable

Question 9

What is Modular Programming

Answer 9

Mostly just Functions that are relavent

Question 9

How to avoid mishadling of data

Answer 9

Make data private show functions

Question 10

What is Abstraction

Question 11

How do we have POLYMORPHISM

Answer 11

Through Inheritance

Question 12

data = ?
function = ?

Answer 12

property
behavior

Question 13

• Many object can be created from same class
• Object consumes memory equal to sum of sizes of all data members * Member functions don’t occupy memory
• Member functions are called depending on object
• . Dot operator is used for accessing members of object
• Memory allocated for object is also called as instance

DO you understand these

Question 14

If you want to access object property used name vs pointer write down the difference in syntax

Answer 14

r.length

p-> length ( Provided p stores the address of that object)

Question 15

Syntax for creating object in Stack using pointer
VS
Syntax for creating object in Heap using pointer

Answer 15

Rectangle r;
Rectangle *p;
p = &r

vs

Rectangle *q = new Rectangle

Question 16

What are the principles of Data Hiding

Answer 16

Data should be made private , function should be made public

Question 17

What are the type of constructors

Answer 17

Default C
Non Parameterized C
Parameterized C
Copy C

Question 18

What is the syntax of copy constructors and why

Answer 18

Test (Test &t){
a=t.a
p = new int[a]
}

The only thing is you are passing the object as reference , the name should be the same as class

Question 19

Possible error with copy constructors

Answer 19

If you are using pointer it might accidentally lead the same address of the array

Question 20

What are type of Functions a class can have

Answer 20

• Constructors - called when object is created
• Accessors / Getters - used for knowing the value of data members
• Mutators /Setters - used for changing value of data member
• Facilitator - actual functions of class
• Enquiry - used for checking if an object satisfies some condition * Destructor - used for releasing resources used by object

Question 21

What is Scope Resolution Operators

Question 22

What is the rule for Inline functions , and why do we have to do this

Answer 22

Never write complicated functions inside the class, the machine code for the function is written with the machine code of main function

Question 23

Scope Resolution Operator and why do we need them in classes

Answer 23

So that the machine code of function and machine code of main function dont mix up

Question 24

What is syntax for Scope Resolution Operator for writing function which is not inline

Answer 24

Declare the function with within class

outside the class
int Rectangle::perimeter(){
}

Question 25

What is the difference between the struct in c and C++

Answer 25

C++ structs allows data plus function , C only data

Question 26

difference between class and struct

Answer 26

Everything by default in struct is public vs everything by default in class in private

Question 27

What is operator overloading

Answer 27

Conventional Operators can be added to classes that you make and mean something different

Question 28

What is the syntax for operator overloading

Answer 28

Complex operator+(Complex c)
{
Complex temp;
temp.real=real+c1.real;
temp.img=img+c1.img;
return temp;
}

Question 29

What is syntax of friend operator

Answer 29

class Complex
{
private:
int real;
int img;
public:
Complex(int r=0,int i=0)
{
real=r;
img=i;
}
void display()
{
}
cout«real«“+i”«img«endl;
friend Complex operator+(Complex c1,Complex c2);
};
Complex operator+(Complex c1,Complex c2)
{

Complex temp;
temp.real=c1.real+c2.real;
temp.img=c1.img+c2.img;
return temp;
}