Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3B OSCE > OCSE Preparation - wounds, assessments > Flashcards

OCSE Preparation - wounds, assessments Flashcards

1
Q

stage 1 of wound healing

A

haemostasis
- platelets come in contact with collegen, resulting in activation and aggregation, thrombin initiates formation of fibrin mesh to strength platelet clumps into stable clot
-lasts up to 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stage 2 of wound healing

A

inflammation
- neutrophils enter to destroy bacteria and remove debris. macrophages arrive and secrete growth factors to attract immune cells to facilitate tissue repair.
- lasts 2-6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stage 3 of wound healing (3 points)

A

proliferation
- (filling the wound) granulation fills the wound with connective tissue and new blood vessels are formed
- (contraction of wound margins) margins contract and move towards the centre of the wound
- (covering the wound) epithelial cells arise form base of the wound and migrate across in a leapfrog pattern until covered.
- lasts up to 3-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stage 4 of wound healing

A

maturation
- new tissue slowly starts to gain strength and elasticity. collegen fibres reorganise and tissue remodels and matures.
- can last up to 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A

A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

normal ranges for vitals

A

temp- 35.6°- 37.7°
bp- 120/80
hr- 60-100bpm
spo2- 95 or above
rr- 12-20
CAP- less than 3 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why do we take an estimated systolic bp

A

to make the reading easier for more difficult patients and ensure the cuff isnt inflated too much so promote comfort for the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a systolic and diastolic bp measuring

A

systolic is the pressure exerted on the artery walls when the heart contracts
dyastolic is the pressure exterted on the artery walls when the heart is relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what lymph nodes should be palpated

A

occipital
post orricular
preorricular
tonsilar
submandibular one
submandibular two
submental
superficial cervical chain x2
posterier cervical chain x3
deep cervical chain
supraclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what 6 things are used to describe the nodes

A

size
shape
tenderness
mobility
consistency
location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is consensual reflex?

A

Both eyes’ neurological functions are working together and can be seen when both pupils react and become constrict when light stimulates either eye (one eye at a time).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the cone of light and where can it be seen

A

light reflecting off surface of the eardrum. can be seen at 5 oclock in the right ear and 7 oclock in the left ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is normal findings in the ear

A

cerrumen
pink ear canal
pearly grey tympanic membrane
cone of light
good whisper test results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 7 movements for neurological

A

supnate/ pronate
fingers to thumb
finger to nose (eyes open then closed)
heel down leg
toe to toe walking
stand on one leg
legs together stand up straight (eyes open and closed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 tests in neurological

A

coordination and balance
sensation
vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what sounds are heard in a palpation respiratory assessment

A

dullness over bone and organs, resonance over lung fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is heard in auscultation of the lungs

A

clear bronchovestcular sounds over the scapula
clear vesticular sounds over lung fields
inspiration should be equal to expiration over scapula
inspiration should be longer than expiration everywhere else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the atrioventricular sounds

A

s1- tricuspid and mitral valves closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the semilunar sounds

A

s2- aortic and pulmonic valves closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a PVA assessing

A

an assessment of the circulation to the lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 4 abdomen contours

A

flat
rounded
scaphoid
protuberant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why do we assultate first in abdominal exam

A

as palpating can cause pain in tender areas if there is a blockage and can also create false bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what sound be heard over the abdomen

A

tympany over the abdomen where gas is present
dullness over the bone, fluid, or stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what three categories and timelines are used in the risk assessment

A

violence, suicide, other
historical, clinical/internal, situational
immediate, current, past 2 months, 2 months +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
4 ways of learning during education
visual auditory read kinesthetic
26
4 stages of pressure injuries
1. consistent redness/ arrhythmia of skin 2. partial thickness loss of the epidermis 3. full thickness loss of epidermis 4. full thickness loss with muscle or bone showing
27
what does the braden scale involve
moisture, sensory, perception, activity, nutrition, friction, shear, mobility
28
MOA of typical antipsychotics and examples
Block dopamine receptors D2. examples include haliperidol, flupenthixol, benperidol
29
Side effects of typical antipsychotics
shakiness, restlessness, dry mouth, constipation
30
MOA of atypical antipsychotics and examples
effects seritonin levels. examples include olanzapine, quitiepine, risperidone
31
antidepressants
citalapram, setraline, fluoxetine
32
mood stabilising drugs
lithium, anticonvulsants
33
what points would you educate a patient on for smoking cessation
- avoid tempting situations - NRT - prepare for with-drawl symptoms - educate on health effects - support groups - distraction
34
Digoxin type of drug and MOA
cardiac glycosides inhibits NA and K pump to increase Na and Ca resulting in increase cardiac contraction and slowing of the conductivity lowering HR
35
side effects of digoxin
dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, rashes
36
Ace inhibitors examples and MOA
blocks enzyme required for converting angiotension 1 to 2 resulting in lowered BP. eg. enalapril, cilazapril
37
side effects of ace inhibitors
A dry, hacking cough is COMMON. Hyperkalemia, renal tubular damage, decreased B/P, dizziness, nausea & diarrhea
38
Warfarin MOA
inhibits Vitamin K dependant clotting factors
39
Anticoagulants: Adverse Effects
Bleeding GI upset bruising
40
beta 2 agnoists examples, MOA, and side effects
stimulates B2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation. eg. salbutamol, terbutaline, salmeterol. side effects include tachycardia, tremor, palpitations and headaches
41
anticholonergics examples, MOA, and side effects
blocks parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. eg. ipratropium. side effects include dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, tachycardia
42
proton pump inhibitors examples, MOA, and side effects
omeprazole, pantoproazole bind to proton pump in parietal cells to prevent the release of gastric acid therefore raising stomach pH headache, nausea, committing, abdo pain
43
Seritonin antagonist MOA, and side effects
ondansetron binds to 5HT receptors in GI tract and inhibit vomiting reflex headache, constipation, weakness, drowziness
44
Dopamine antagonist MOA, and side effects
metaclopramide blocks d2 receptors in GI tract enhancing gastric motility drowziness, weakness, diarrheoa
45
stool softeners example, MOA, and side effects
docusate sodium lowers surface tension at the oil, water mix of the stool allowing water to enter and soften it cramping, nausea
46
NSAIDS examples, MOA
ibuprofen inhibits cox enzyme and proglandin production
47
What is the SSKIN bundle?
Surface - provide a supportive and pressure relieving surface Skin Inspection - undertake regular checks for discolouration and pain on bony prominences (such as hips and heels) and under or around medical devices Keep moving - change position often Incontinence- keep skin dry and clean Nutrition - eat healthily and drink plenty of fluids.
48
what anticoagulant can you have while pregnant and what is contraindicated
low molecular weight heparin eg. clexane. wafarin is contraindicated as it is able to cross the placenta barrier
49
what are the three ways DVT is caused
1. hypercoagubility- increased tendency for the blood to clot 2. venous stasis- slow blood flow in the veins 3. vessel damage- trauma to vessel mild-severe
50
pathophysiology of DVT
red blood cells, fibrin and platelets bind together and create a clot. fibrin and red blood cells build up behind thrombus and attach to it increasing the size.
51
What is mastasis?
inflammation of the breast tissue caused by bacteria or clogged duct.
52
what education would you give a mother with mastitis
- perform hand hygiene before feeding - continue to feed on effected side (first) - massage swollen areas - always alternate breasts between feeds
53
What is T2DM
body becomes resistant to insulin
54
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
tachycardia, excessive sweating (diaphoresis), light-headedness, visual disturbances, hunger
55
What is metformin?
It is used to treat type 2 DM - it decreases glucose production in the liver and glucose absorption in the GI tract
56
Insulin MOA
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins
57
symptoms of anaphylaxis
oral/airway swelling dizziness tachycardia stridor/hoarseness wheezing rash flushing swelling
58
Adrenaline MOA
acts as an alpha and beta adrenocepter agonist to reduce mucosal odema and induce bronchodilation
59
Benzodiazepines MOA and examples
increased release of GABA neurotransmitter. eg lorazepam, diazepam, clonazepam
60
types of wound dressings
transparent film, hydrogels, foam, silver, negative pressure
61
What is ectopic pregnancy? and how is it characterised
A pregnancy in which the fertilised egg implants outside the uterus. characterised by stomach/ pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, pain in the tip of the shoulder
62
What is post-partum depression?
When a mother exhibits depressive symptoms after pregnancy.
63
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot
64
why are pregnant women and more risk of clot formation
-they are in a hyper-coagulated state with increased procoagulant factors and decreased anticoagulant factors in the blood due to hormones in the body. -in a state of venous stasis and vessel damage occurs due to growing uterus
65
what would you recommend to a pregnant women who is prone to DVT
lots of activity, positions to promote venous return, hydrate
66
What is T1DM?
pancreas produces little to no insulin
67
lifestyles changes to prevent type two diabetes
exercise diet no smoking bgl monitoring
68
symptoms of hypercalcemia
Fatigue, weakness, thirst, urination, weightloss
69
Causes of anaphylaxis
Foods(peanuts, shellfish), Insects(bees, Wasps), Medications(Penicillin/Antibiotics), Plants (Burning poison oak).
70
what is depression and persistant depressive disorder?
depression is characterised by a depressive mood for two weeks or more, and persistant depressive disorder is two years or more.
71
what smoking cessation tools are there
- avoiding situations that will temp you to smoke - NRT (gum, losenges, patches) - prepare for withdrael symptoms - support groups - distracton - educate on health effects (copd, cvd, cancer, poor reproductive health)
72
what is SMASHED SODA
s- surgical, medical and family history m- medications a- allergies s- social eg. housing, community h- head eg. mental health, social activities, stress e- exercise d- diet s- smoking o- occupation d- drugs/ alcohol a- ADLs
73
what are you inspecting and palpating in a lymph assessment
trapezius muscle, cervical chain, trachea position, crepitis in termporomandibular joint (ROM, crepitis and tenderness), nodes
74
what is an accomodation reflex
focusing on an object after looking at something far away
75
what is inspected during a respiratory assessment
shape, scars, lesions, spine alignment, accessory muscle use, ap and transverse diameter
76
where can the heart valves be heard
aortic- 2nd inter-coastal space, right side pulmonic- 2nd inter-coastal space, left side tricuspid- 4th inter-coastal space, left side mitral- 5th intercostal space, left side midclavicular line
77
what is used to test judgement in an MSE
what would you do in the event of a fire
78
what does TIME stand for
T- tissue= any narcrotic tissue, bone, slough, granulating I- infection= any signs of infection or inflammtion, odema, odur M- moisture= ay excess exudate or is it too dry, any blood E- edges= are they tunneling, ragged, thickened, undermining
79
Side effects of atypical antipsychotics
drowziness, constipation, blurred vision,
80
GTN type of drug and MOA
Nitrate binds to nitrate receptors in vascular smooth muscle resulting in relaxation leading to venodilation and vasodilation meaning increased o2 to myocardium.
81
beta blockers examples and MOA
bind to B receptors in autonomic NS to prevent adrenaline and noradrenaline from stimulating SNS response. eg metopralol, pantoprolol
82
Side effects of beta blockers
low HR, low BP, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, dry mouth, nausea
83
Clexane MOA
prevents formation of clots by deactivating thrombin forming factors Xa and II
84
opioids examples, MOA,
morphine, loperimide, oxycodone, tramadol ats of opioid receptors
85
what are the 4 types of laxitives
stool softeners bulk forming stimulant osmotic

3B OSCE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions