OCN Flashcards

1
Q

cancer is the ___ leading cause of death in the US

A

second

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2
Q

examples of primary prevention

A

Strategies such as smoking cessation, diet, modification and exercise, promotion, early detection through cancer, screening and development of new agents such as vaccines

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3
Q

examples of secondary prevention

A

Detecting and treating cancer early

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4
Q

sensitivity

A

Refers to how sensitive a test is to the outcome for which it is testing
ex. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which is sensitive to inflammation, but does not delineate exactly where the inflammation is occurring

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5
Q

Specificity

A

Refers to how accurate test will be in testing for one particular item
Ex. ESR is very specific for inflammation.

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6
Q

predictive value

A

Refers to the chance of test will have a false reading
ex. a false negative or false positive

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7
Q

mass screening

A

Testing that is done to a large group of people
ex. State mandated testing.

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8
Q

selective or prescriptive screening

A

Testing that is done for specific disease on patients who are at risk for developing that disease
ex. Genetic testing for the presence of a tumor marker.

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9
Q

Single screening

A

Done to check for the presence of a specific disease, such as hypercholesterolemia

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10
Q

multiple screening

A

Looking for at least two abnormalities at one time
ex. elevated cholesterol and PSA at the same time

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11
Q

Multiphasic screening

A

Looking at a person over period of time for the development of any conditions
ex. Well-child checkups

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12
Q

What is the most important factor in the management of breast cancer?

A

Early detection

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13
Q

at what age is annual mammography recommended to begin?

A

40

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14
Q

What type of imaging is recommended for screening for women with a 20 to 25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer?

A

MRI

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15
Q

What simple examination can women perform at home to screen for breast cancer? (The majority of palpable breast lumps are discovered this way).

A

Breast self examination

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16
Q

what is a woman’s first line of screening for breast cancer detection?

A

Breast self exams

17
Q

How often should breast self exam be performed?

A

monthly, but not at the same time as her period

18
Q

what does a mammogram involve?

A

From compression of the breast tissue, while an x-ray is taken to detect calcified tissue within the breast

19
Q

ductal lavage

A

Sales are collected from the breast ducks, and examined for any changes. Used for women who are at higher risk for breast cancer.

20
Q

At what age is screening for cervical cancer begin?

A

21

21
Q

how often should screening for cervical cancer occur?

A

Every three years

22
Q

what imaging is used for current or former smokers 55 to 74 years of age were those who have a smoking third history

A

Low-dose computed tomography
(chest x-rays are not recommended for lung cancer screening)

23
Q

at what age did colon cancer screening begin?

A

50

24
Q

What kind of familiar history makes someone at risk for colon cancer?

A

Family, history of colorectal, polyps, or colorectal cancer, IBS, or adenomatous polyposis

25
Q

in what ways can we screen for colon cancer?

A

Fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy
Double contrast, barium enema , CT colon, stool, DNA test

26
Q

Examples of tricyclic antidepressants

A

amitriptyline, imipramine

27
Q

examples of SSRIs

A

paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine

28
Q

antidepressants for insomnia

A

Mirtazapine and trazodone

29
Q

cancer incidence rate

A

rate at which patients are newly diagnosed with cancer annually