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OCN > OCN 1 > Flashcards

OCN 1 Flashcards

1
Q

EGFR

A

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
-Mutations common in NSCLC
-especially adenocarcinomas

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2
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

A

Caused by rapid cell death
- releases intracellular ions and metabolites

-HyPERkalemia
-HyPERphosphatemia
-HyPOcalcemia
-Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy

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3
Q

Mature Lymphocytes

A

CLL
Functionally incompetent but morphologically mature lymphocytes found in peripheral blood

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4
Q

Overexpression of RANK and PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone related peptide)

A

Osteolytic activity

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5
Q

Endothelin-I

A

Overexpression of endothelin-I by tumor cells promotes osteoblastic activity
-deposits new bone matrix
-leads to bone pain
-specifically in bone mets in prostate cancer

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6
Q

CD20 (associated with…)

A

Lymphoma

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7
Q

HER2/neu (associated with…)

A

Breast Cancer

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8
Q

Mesothelioma risk factors

A

-Asbestos exposure
-Smoking

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9
Q

Highest Global Incidence Rate

A

Breast Cancer
(Lung Ca 2nd)

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10
Q

Most significant preventable risk factor worldwide

A

Tobacco use
-associated with lung, throat, stomach, bladder ca etc…

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11
Q

Largest Melanoma risk factor

A

UV exposure
-sunlight and tanning beds

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12
Q

Dietary change to reduce risk of Colorectal CA

A

Increased fiber intake

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13
Q

Purpose of a Cancer Registry

A

Monitor disease patterns and survival rates

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14
Q

Geographical area with highest incidence of gastric cancers

A

East Asia
-link to high H.Pylori prevalence

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15
Q

Major risk factor for liver cancer

A

Chronic Hepatitis B and C infections
-chronic inflammation and eventual liver cirrhosis can progress to cancer

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16
Q

Consistently linked to increased overall cancer risk

A

Physical Inactivity

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17
Q

Leading cause of lung cancer in non smokers

A

Radon gas
-natural but radioactive gas
-can accumulate in homes built on radon emitting soil

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18
Q

MEN1 Gene Mutations

A

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
-Hereditary condition
-Predisposes to tumors in multiple endocrine glands
-MEN1 gene encodes the protein menin

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19
Q

BRCA1 (associated with…)

A

Mutations linked to HBOC (Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome)

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20
Q

TP53 (associated with…)

A

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Breast Cancer

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21
Q

KRAS (associated with…)

A

Colorectal Cancers

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22
Q

BRCA2 (associated with…)

A

Breast and pancreatic cancers
Prostate cancer in men

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23
Q

Lynch Syndrome (associated with…)

A

Colorectal Cancer and endometrial cancer
-AKA hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

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24
Q

PALB2 (associated with…)

A

Breast Cancer
-partner and localizer or BRCA2

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25
Q

von Hippel-Lindau disease (associated with…)

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma
-heriditary cancer syndrome associated with mutations in VHL gene

26
Q

RB1 (associated with…)

A

Retinoblastoma

27
Q

APC (associated with…)

A

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
-disorder causing hundreds of thousands of polyps in the colon and rectum
-potentially leading to colorectal cancer

28
Q

CDH1 (associated with…)

A

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

29
Q

Proto-Oncogenes when mutated

A

Become Oncogenes- promoting cell proliferation

30
Q

Enzyme primarily responsible for repair of DNA double strand breaks

31
Q

Epigenetics

A

Changes in gene expression related to environmental factors

32
Q

Mutations caused by cigarette smoke

A

Missense mutations

33
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

Prevent uncontrolled cell growth
Repair mismatched DNA
Induce apoptosis
ex p53 gene

34
Q

DNA Adducts

A

Complexes formed between DNA and cancer causing chemicals
Can lead to cancer
Tobacco smoke forms DNA Adducts

35
Q

Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines

A

Biennial mammograms starting at 50

36
Q

Primary prostate cancer Screening Tool

A

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

37
Q

Cervical Cancer Screening Guideline

A

Pap every 3 years
OR
Co-testing PAP and HPV test every 5 years

38
Q

Annual Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)

A

Detects hidden blood in stool- possible sign of colorectal CA
High compliance

39
Q

High Risk melanoma patients screening guidelines

A

Annual Full Body skin exam by derm

40
Q

High Risk Thyroid CA Screening

A

Thyroid Ultrasound
-Calcitonin and TSH levels can provide information but are not primary screening tools

41
Q

HPV linked to…

A

Cervical CA

42
Q

Best tx for hormone positive receptor breast CA

A

Adjuvant hormone therapy

43
Q

Strategy to reduce colorectal CA risk

A

Increase dietary fiber
-Aids in digestion therefore reducing time potential carcinogens are in contact with bowel cells

44
Q

Consuming tomato products (high in lycopene)

A

Reduce risk of prostate CA
-Controversial but studied

45
Q

Reduce risk of endometrial CA

A

Maintain a healthy weight
-excess body fat leads to increased estrogen levels which is associated with endometrial CA

46
Q

Early sign of Colorectal CA

A

Change in bowel habits

47
Q

Prostate CA screening

A

PSA levels
-start at 40 for men with a family history

48
Q

HRT in post menopausal women

A

Increase risk of breast CA

49
Q

Common initial symptom of testicular CA

A

Painless lump in testicle

50
Q

Best imaging for brain tumors

51
Q

Best diagnostic tool for pancreatic CA

A

ERCP
-best assesses the ducts of pancreas

52
Q

M1 in Ovarian CA

A

Poor prognosis
-focus on palliative care

53
Q

Ovarian CA tumor marker

54
Q

Colorectal CA tumor marker

55
Q

Breast CA tumor marker

56
Q

Hepatocellular tumor marker

A

AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)

57
Q

Testicular CA tumor marker

A

hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

58
Q

Pancreatic CA tumor marker

59
Q

Lung CA tumor marker

A

NSE (Neuron- Specific enolase)

60
Q

Germ Cell tumor marker

A

hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

61
Q

Melanoma tumor marker

OCN (1 decks)

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