OChem Unit 3

Question 1

R = CH2

Answer 1

Methylene

Question 2

C = C bonded to a parent

Answer 2

Vinyl

Question 3

3 carbon chain ending with a C = C

Answer 3

Allyl

Question 4

What is a Configurational Isomer?

Answer 4

A Stereoisomer that cannot be interconverted by single bond rotation

Question 5

Groups positioned on the same side of the C = C are called…

Answer 5

Cis groups

Question 6

Groups positioned on opposite sides of the C = C are called

Answer 6

Trans groups

Question 7

In the E/Z method, what does E stand for?

Answer 7

higher priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

Question 8

In the E/Z method, what does the Z stand for?

Answer 8

higher priority groups are on the same side of the double bond

Question 9

What are sigma bonds?

Answer 9

Single bonds between molecules

Question 10

What are pi bonds?

Answer 10

Double bonds between molecules

Question 11

What is an Alkene Addition Reaction?

Answer 11

-pi bond breaks
-2 new sigma bonds are formed

Question 12

What is a Hydrogenation Reaction?

Answer 12

-Addition of hydrogen
-Requires a catalyst (Ni, Pt, Pd)
-If a ring structure then hydrogen’s are added to the same side forming the syn-addition

Question 13

What is a Halogenation Reaction?

Answer 13

-Addition of a halogen
-Product is an alkyl dihalide
-If a ring structure then halogens add to opposite sides forming the anti-addition

Question 14

What is a Hydration Reaction?

Answer 14

-Addition of a water as H-OH
-Requires acid catalyst
-Product is an alcohol

Question 15

What is an Addition of an Acid Reaction?

Answer 15

-Adds either an HX or a H2SO4 (H - OSO3H)

Question 16

What is a carbocation?

Answer 16

A cation with a +1 formal charge on a carbon

Question 17

What is Tertiary? Secondary? Primary? Methyl?

Answer 17

-Tertiary is a carbocation with 3 R groups
-Secondary is a carbocation with 2 R groups
-Primary is a carbocation with 1 R group
-Methyl is a carbocation with 0 R groups

Question 18

What is a benzyllic carbocation?

Answer 18

When the positive charge is next to a benzene ring

Question 19

What is a allylic carbocation?

Answer 19

positive charge is next to pi bonds that are not part of a benzene ring

Question 20

What is a benzene ring?

Answer 20

Ring structure with alternating double single bonds

Question 21

What is Markovnikov’s Rule?

Answer 21

The more electronegative part of an unsymmetric reagent bonds to the more substituted carbon of the double bond

Question 22

What is an Electrophilic Addition?

Answer 22

A reaction between a nucleophile and an electrophile

Question 23

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 23

A substance that is electron rich; they have a free pair of electrons that can form a bond

Question 24

What is an electrophile?

Answer 24

A substance that is electron deficient; can accept electrons

Question 25

What is a hydride shift?

Answer 25

When a hydrogen shifts from one carbon to another; must be adjacent

Question 26

What is an alkyl shift?

Answer 26

An alkyl shifts from one carbon to an adjacent carbon

Question 27

What is a hydroboration reaction?

Answer 27

Adds a BH3 to the less substituted carbon

Question 28

What happens in oxidation?

Answer 28

An OH replaces the BH2 (hydroboration) on the less substituted carbon; makes an alcohol

Question 29

What is an aldehyde?

Answer 29

A carbon double bonded to an Oxygen; also connected to another carbon and a hydrogen

Question 30

What is a ketone?

Answer 30

A carbon double bonded to an Oxygen; also connected to two other carbons

Question 31

What is Ozonolysis?

Answer 31

Produces either an aldehyde or a ketone; adds ozone; requires zinc (Zn) and acid (H+)