OChem Functional Groups Flashcards
Constitutional Isomer
Isomers with the same molecular formula, but are different in terms of the order in which the atoms are connected.
Sterioisomer
isomers with atoms having the same order of bonding but different spatial arrangements. Two types: Enantiomers (nonsuperimposible mirror images) and Diasteomers (superimposible mirror images)
4 types of Tissues
epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle
4 types of cells that make up epithelium tissue. Explain their characteristics.
simple, cuboidal, stratified, columnar, squamous
What is connective tissue? List 3 cell types that can be found in connective tissue and their function?
Fibroblasts (collagenous fibers, elastic fibers), mast cells, macrophages
Major types of connective tissue
Loose connective tissue, Dense connective tissue, Cartilage, Bone, Blood and Lymph
Loose connective tissue is?
Gel like in consistency. Consists of fibroblasts that secrete both collagenous and elastic fibersFills the gaps between muscles and bones ie Adipose tissue which stores fat
Dense connective tissue is?
consists mainly of fibroblasts. Matrix permeated with collagenous fibers. Mainly comprise tendons (attach muscles to bones) and ligaments (which bind bone to bone)
What is Cartilage (connective tissue) ?
rigid consists of chordocytes surrounded by a matrix abundant in collagenous fibers embedded in gel like substances. Play a role in body structure
What is Bone (connective tissue) ?
more rigid than cartilage. Structures framework of body. They protect major organs and produce blood marrow and blood cells
What is Blood and Lymph?
ground material is liquid plasma. contain specialized cells which are RBC and WBC. Defends agains infection and transports substances
Muscle tissue and cells
Have one function. Specialize in contraction
Name the 3 types of muscle tissues
Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle
What is skeletal muscle?
VOLUNTARY. ie triceps and biceps, striated in appearance. Connected to bones via tendons
What is Cardiac muscles?
INVOLUNTARY. Located on the heart. Death can occur if with improper functioning in 3-4 min
What is Smooth muscles?
INVOLUNTARY. Does not appear striated. Surrounds walls of organs. Responsible for blood circulation in the vein,
What is Nervous tissue composed of?
Neurons and glial cells. Sense a stimulus and react by sending an electrical impulse to the brain.
What are the components of a neuron?
cell body, axon, dendrite, nodes of ranvier, myelin sheath.
What is a nerve?
A bundle of neurons. Nervous tissue make up the CNS and the PNS
Two nervous pathways?
Sensory nerves- bring info from a stimulus to the CNS, Motor nerves- take direction from the brain to the effector organ.
What does the CNS? And the PNS consist of ?
CNS=brain and spinal cord, PNS= all the nerves that transmit messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
