OChem Functional Groups

Question 1

Constitutional Isomer

Answer 1

Isomers with the same molecular formula, but are different in terms of the order in which the atoms are connected.

Question 2

Sterioisomer

Answer 2

isomers with atoms having the same order of bonding but different spatial arrangements. Two types: Enantiomers (nonsuperimposible mirror images) and Diasteomers (superimposible mirror images)

Question 3

4 types of Tissues

Answer 3

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

Question 4

4 types of cells that make up epithelium tissue. Explain their characteristics.

Answer 4

simple, cuboidal, stratified, columnar, squamous

Question 5

What is connective tissue? List 3 cell types that can be found in connective tissue and their function?

Answer 5

Fibroblasts (collagenous fibers, elastic fibers), mast cells, macrophages

Question 6

Major types of connective tissue

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue, Dense connective tissue, Cartilage, Bone, Blood and Lymph

Question 7

Loose connective tissue is?

Answer 7

Gel like in consistency. Consists of fibroblasts that secrete both collagenous and elastic fibersFills the gaps between muscles and bones ie Adipose tissue which stores fat

Question 8

Dense connective tissue is?

Answer 8

consists mainly of fibroblasts. Matrix permeated with collagenous fibers. Mainly comprise tendons (attach muscles to bones) and ligaments (which bind bone to bone)

Question 9

What is Cartilage (connective tissue) ?

Answer 9

rigid consists of chordocytes surrounded by a matrix abundant in collagenous fibers embedded in gel like substances. Play a role in body structure

Question 10

What is Bone (connective tissue) ?

Answer 10

more rigid than cartilage. Structures framework of body. They protect major organs and produce blood marrow and blood cells

Question 11

What is Blood and Lymph?

Answer 11

ground material is liquid plasma. contain specialized cells which are RBC and WBC. Defends agains infection and transports substances

Question 12

Muscle tissue and cells

Answer 12

Have one function. Specialize in contraction

Question 13

Name the 3 types of muscle tissues

Answer 13

Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle

Question 14

What is skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

VOLUNTARY. ie triceps and biceps, striated in appearance. Connected to bones via tendons

Question 15

What is Cardiac muscles?

Answer 15

INVOLUNTARY. Located on the heart. Death can occur if with improper functioning in 3-4 min

Question 16

What is Smooth muscles?

Answer 16

INVOLUNTARY. Does not appear striated. Surrounds walls of organs. Responsible for blood circulation in the vein,

Question 17

What is Nervous tissue composed of?

Answer 17

Neurons and glial cells. Sense a stimulus and react by sending an electrical impulse to the brain.

Question 18

What are the components of a neuron?

Answer 18

cell body, axon, dendrite, nodes of ranvier, myelin sheath.

Question 19

What is a nerve?

Answer 19

A bundle of neurons. Nervous tissue make up the CNS and the PNS

Question 20

Two nervous pathways?

Answer 20

Sensory nerves- bring info from a stimulus to the CNS, Motor nerves- take direction from the brain to the effector organ.

Question 21

What does the CNS? And the PNS consist of ?

Answer 21

CNS=brain and spinal cord, PNS= all the nerves that transmit messages from the brain to the rest of the body.