OCF + cranial lab Flashcards
5 tenants of primary respiratory mechanism
- the fluctuation of the CSF and the potency of the tide
- the mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and the function of the reciprocal tension membrane.
- the inherent motility of the CNS
- the articular mobility of the cranial bones
- the involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia
tenet 1 is what? and what is it talking about?
- the fluctuation of the CSF and the potency of the tide
- CSF is drained by the paravascular and extracellular spaces of the CNS
- cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI)
cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI)
- fluctuation of the CSF has 2 characteristics:
1. physical potency/energy that acts throughout the body as a hydrodynamic mechanism
2. electrical potential acting in pos and neg phases - both are integrated with the reciprocating motility of the CNS
- occurs at 10-14 cycles/min in normal adult
tenet 2 is what? and what is the concept related to tenet 2?
- the mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and the function of the Reciprocal Tension Membrane
- Reciprocal Tension Membrane
fx of dura
- partition
- support
- shock-absorbing
- stress-meeting
- dura is contiguous with periostium of calvarium (inside and out) and forms the falxes and tentorium
attachments of the falx cerebri
- crista galli of the ethmoid
- frontal bones along the metopic suture
- parietal bones along the sagittal suture
- occiput
- tentorium cerebelli
attachments of the tentorium cerebelli
- posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid
- petrous ridges
- mastoid portion of the temporals
- posteroinferior angles of the parietals
- transverse ridges of the occiput
attachments of the falx cerebelli
- tentorium cerebelli
2. occiput to foramen magnum
what happens during inhalation phase?
- flexion of SBS, external rotation of paired bones
- falx cerebri shifts anteriorly in the arc of its sickle
- crista galli moves posteriorly
- tentorium cerebelli shifts anteriorly and flattens, but is not relaxed
- venous sinuses change in shape from V to ovoid with increased capacity for drainage of blood (venous sinuses do not contain mm within walls to enhance return of blood into circulation)
- midline bones move into flexion
- paired bones move into external rotation
- cephalad pull on spinal dura causes sacral base to move posterosuperiorly while the apex moves toward the pubic symphysis
what happens during exhalation phase?
- extension of SBS, internal rotation of paired bones
- falx cerebri shifts posteriorly in the arc of its sickle
- crista galli moves anteriorly
- tentorium cerebelli shifts posteriorly and rises
- venous sinuses change in shape from ovoid to V with decreased capacity for drainage of blood
- midline bones move into extension
- paired bones move into internal rotation
- caudad pull on spinal dura causes scral base to move anteroinferiorly while the apex moves away from the pubic symphysis
what is sutherland fulcrum?
- floating, shifting point of balance
- it is the common origin of the 3 sickle-shaped agencies
tenet 3: what is it? and why does it occur?
- inherent motility of the CNS
- oligodendroglial cells pulsate in culture
- Ram’s horn development of the cerebrum: coiling and uncoiling of the hemi-cerebri which changes the volume of the ventricles and leads to pumping of the CSF. If oligodendroglial cells pulsate, then entire organ pulsates
tenet 4: what is it?
- the articular mobility of the cranial bones
- periostium of the inside of the skull splits into 2 layers at the suture and forms a fibrous capsule over the edge of the bone
- fiber bundles and sinusoidal blood vessels are in the central zone of the sutures
- periostium is contiguous with the dura mater and falxes
- movement in the sutures different from other joints in body: more of a resiliency of living, pliant bone
- small motion at SBS which is amplified in the vault due to a vector arc
sphenobasilar synchondrosis: which 2 bones are involved in the articulation? when is the articulation ossified?
- occiput and sphenoid
2. ossified by 25
what is laid down in the cranial vault?
- cranial vault is laid down in membrane in utero
- base is laid down in cartilage
ossification of the sphenoid
- first ossification centers begin in 8th-9th week in utero
- much of the bone is pre-formed in cartilage
- at birth, the bone consists of the central part (body and lesser wings) and 2 lateral parts (each comprising a greater wing and pterygoid process)
ossification of the sphenoid
- first ossification centers begin in 8th-9th week in utero
- much of the bone is pre-formed in cartilage
- at birth, the bone consists of the central part (body and lesser wings) and 2 lateral parts (each comprising a greater wing and pterygoid process)
- when sphenoid and occipital bones fused, considered a symphysis. before that, considered a synchondrosis
tenet 5: what is it?
- the involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia
- involuntary motion around a transverse axis at S2 - respiratory motions
respiratory transverse axis at sacrum: how does it move during inhalation and exhalation?
- inhalation: lordotic curve decreases and sacral base moves posteriorly
- exhalation: lordotic curve increases and sacrum moves anteriorly
cranial motion of the sacrum
- flexion: sacrum counternutates (base nods posteriorly)
- extension: sacrum nutates (base nods anteriory)
cranial motion of bones in flexion
- SBS: rises
- midline bones: flexion
- paired bones: external rotation
- respiratory phase of PRM: inhalation
cranial motion of bones in extension
- SBS: descends
- midline bones: extension
- paired bones: internal rotation
- respiratory phase of PRM: exhalation
midline bones
- sphenoid
- occiput
- vomer
- ethmoid, medial plate only
- sacrum
paired bones
- frontals
- ethmoid, lateral masses
- lacrimals
- nasals
- temporals
- parietals
- zygomae
- palatines
- maxillae
- mandible
- inferior conchae
- innominates
paired bones
- frontals
- ethmoid, lateral masses
- lacrimals
- nasals
- temporals
- parietals
- zygomae
- palatines
- maxillae
- mandible
- inferior conchae
- innominates
rotation of temporal bone
- mastoid moves posterio-medially with external rotation, and antero-laterally with internal rotation
- petrous ridge moves anter-laterally with external rotation, and postero-medially with internal rotation
rotation of temporal bone
- mastoid moves posterio-medially with external rotation, and antero-laterally with internal rotation
- petrous ridge moves anter-laterally with external rotation, and postero-medially with internal rotation
where is the nasion?
midpoint of the frontonasal suture
where is the glabella?
frontal area just above the frontonasal sutures
where is the pterion?
intersection of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones
where is the asterion?
intersection of temporal, parietal, and occipital bones
where is the vertex?
highest point or crown of head
where is the bregma?
junction of coronal and sagittal sutures
where the is lambda?
junction of sagittal and lambdoidal sutures
what are the sutures?
- sagittal
- lambdoidal
- occipitomastoid
- squamosal
- metopic
what are the temporal processes?
- mastoid
2. styloid
what is the standard vault hold?
- hands on either side of the head with thumbs touching each other along the sagittal suture
- index fingers on the greater wing
- middle finger in front of ear
- 4th finger on mastoid process behind ear
- pinky on occiput
- use finger pads, entire finger and palms should contact the skull
ossification of occiput: how parts of occipital bones at birth?
at birth, occipital bone consists of 4 separate parts (basilar part, 2 lateral parts, and a squamous part) all joined by cartilage and forming a ring around the foramen magnum
ossification of occiput: when do the different fusions occur?
- ossification of occiput starts around 7th week of fetal life
- squamous and lateral parts fuse during 2nd year
- lateral parts fuse with basilar during years 3 and 4, but fusion can be delayed until 7th year.
5 years per DiGiovanna
