Oceans case study

Question 1

Issues with shipping routes

Answer 1

-Somalia pirates and Houthi Rebels
-Smuggling and illicit trade in the Mediterranean

Question 2

Outsourcing of jobs

Answer 2

-Scan radiologists in India

Question 3

Geopolitical tension from the competition in ocean resources

Answer 3

-South China Sea and the Spratly Islands
-Falkland Islands
-Artic resources

Question 4

Indigenous communities at risk from the development in Alaska’s oil industry

Answer 4

-Gwich’in community

Question 5

Reduce/control people smuggling

Answer 5

-More funding on border control
-Operation Ocean Sophia

Question 6

Reduce/control piracy

Answer 6

-2012-2016 - NATO Operation Ocean Shield

Question 7

Landlocked countries

Answer 7

-Bolivia (Chile and Peru)

Question 8

International laws on the sea

Answer 8

-IWC - established in 1946
Oil tanker construction:
-Double hull
-Ban on oil flushing

Question 9

Oil spill disasters

Answer 9

-Torrey Canyon, 2008
-Exon Valdez, 1989

Question 10

Local schemes to reduce overfishing

Answer 10

-Cod Moratorium, 1992
-Tristan de Cuna, MPA, 2020
-Lamlash Bay, NTZ, Isle of Arran, Scotland, 2008

Question 11

National/international schemes to reduce overfishing

Answer 11

-1995 UN fish stock agreement
-UN sustainable goals 2015 - ‘Life below water’
-2023 UN High Seas Treaty
-The EU Common Fisheries Policy

Question 12

Plastic stored in the ocean

Answer 12

-Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Question 13

Global management of plastic in the oceans

Answer 13

-UNCLOS Article 194

Question 14

Eutrophic dead zones

Answer 14

-The Gulf of Mexico dead zone

Question 15

UNESCO Marine Heritage sites

Answer 15

-Belize Barrier Reef

Question 16

Organisation to protect marine ecosystems

Answer 16

-CITES - 1975