Oceans and Climate

Question 1

The fluid movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Answer 1

Wind

Question 2

This drives air currents because of differences in air density and temperature

Answer 2

Convection

Question 3

Differences in air pressure are caused by

Answer 3

unequal heating of the atmosphere

Question 4

An increased cooling that a wind can cause

Answer 4

wind-chill factor

Question 5

These blow over short distances, and are caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area

Answer 5

Local winds

Question 6

Winds that blow FROM an ocean or a lake and is caused by unequal heating along the shore of a body of water

Answer 6

Sea breeze

Question 7

The flow of air FROM the land over a body of water

Answer 7

Land breeze

Question 8

Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over a large area

Answer 8

Global winds

Question 9

Warm air rises at the equator (less dense air) and cool air sinks at the poles (more dense air). This difference in air pressure is what drives winds to blow from the poles to the equator and this is called

Answer 9

Global convection currents

Question 10

Earth’s rotation causes winds to travel in a curved pattern from west to east. This is called

Answer 10

The Coriolis Effect

Question 11

horse latitudes and doldrums

Answer 11

Calm air

Question 12

Bands of high speed winds 10 km above Earth’s surface. They travel from west to east.

Answer 12

Jet stream

Question 13

What percentage (approximately) of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?

Answer 13

70%

Question 14

Which heats up faster, water or land?

Answer 14

land

Question 15

Differences in temperature of air above land and water causes _________ and __________.

Answer 15

wind and weather

Question 16

What type of energy is transferred between the ocean and the atmosphere ?

Answer 16

thermal energy

Question 17

Ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere travel in a ________________ pattern.

Answer 17

clockwise

Question 18

Ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere travel in a _______________ pattern.

Answer 18

counter-clockwise

Question 19

They occur in the open ocean and are powered by wind from all over the globe. Ex: Gulf Stream

Answer 19

Surface ocean currents

Question 20

They occur at depths deeper than 100m. Ex: West Australian Current

Answer 20

Deep ocean currents

Question 21

The transfer of heat by the movement of air or fluid is

Answer 21

convection

Question 22

A powerful surface current in the Atlantic Ocean that helps warm Europe

Answer 22

The Gulf Stream

Question 23

The large scale movement of warm and cold currents all over the world

Answer 23

The Great Conveyor Belt

Question 24

The average year after year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area.

Answer 24

Climate

Question 25

Name 3 temperature zones on Earth

Answer 25

Tropical zone, polar zone, temperate zones

Question 26

In the case of high mountains, which is more important in determining climate: altitude or latitude?

Answer 26

altitude

Question 27

A short term climate change. Warm water event in the western Pacific Ocean. It brings heavy rains or droughts and happens every 2 - 7 years.

Answer 27

El Nino

Question 28

A short term climate change. Surface water in the eastern Pacific are colder than normal. It brings colder than normal winters and greater precipitation to the pacific northwest and central US

Answer 28

La Nina

Question 29

A climate defined by flat, treeless land, with very little precipitation surrounding the Artic Ocean

Answer 29

tundra

Question 30

A climate defined by evergreen forests called taiga cover the lands, especially in Canada and Russia. Although the summers are short and cool, the winters are always very cold.

Answer 30

subartic

Question 31

The winds over the warm ocean moderate the temperatures and keep them relatively
constant. Parts of the west coast of the United States and Canada and most of Western Europe experience this climate. Lots of fog and precipitation

Answer 31

marine west coast

Question 32

A climate that receives less than ten inches of rain per year. High temperatures during the day. At night, temperatures drop because the dry air cannot hold
heat well.

Answer 32

deserts

Question 33

A climate that is always hot, with an average temperature of 80°F. The days begin sunny but by afternoon have clouded up, and rain falls
almost daily. This climate is found in Central and South America as well as Africa and Southwest Asia.

Answer 33

tropical wet