Oceans

Question 1

What occurs when something dissolves?

Answer 1

Bonds in the solvent and solute and broken and new bonds are made between them

Question 2

Why won’t a substance dissolve?

Answer 2

When the bonds to be broken are stronger than those that will be formed

Question 3

What are the two main types of solvent?

Answer 3

Polar (e.g. water) and non-polar (e.g. hexane)

Question 4

What type of solvent do ionic substances dissolve in and why?

Answer 4

Polar because non-polar molecules don’t interact strongly enough with the ions to pull them away from the lattice and the electrostatic forces are stronger than the bonds that would be formed. On the other hand, the ion-dipole bonds formed between a polar solvent and ionic molecule are strong enough to dissolve the solid

Question 5

What type of solvent do covalent substances dissolve in and why?

Answer 5

Non-polar solvents because the intermolecular bonds between the covalent molecules are pretty weak so can be broken by the non-polar solvent molecules

Question 6

What can ionic compounds be dissolved in to make an aqueous solution?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

How can ionic compounds be dissolved in water?

Answer 7

The H-O bonds in water are really polar meaning the H atoms have a partial positive charge and the O atoms have a partial negative charge. This allows a ion-dipole bond to form. H+ are attracted to negative ions and O- positive ions. The ions separate from the ionic lattice and become surrounded by water molecules

Question 8

What is the difference between hydration and hydrated ions?

Answer 8

Hydration is the process of the ions being surrounded by water whereas hydrated ions are the ions surrounded by water molecules

Question 9

What is the process of solvation?

Answer 9

The process of ions being surrounded by a substance that isn’t water