Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oceanography > Oceanography Mod 1 > Flashcards

Oceanography Mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific Method

A

Observe, Hypothesis, Testing, Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothesis

A

testable statement about the general nature of the phenomenon observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Theory

A

well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, logical inferences, and tested hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Solar System

A

the sun and the celestial bodies, asteroids, planets, and comets that orbit around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nebula

A

a diffuse mass of interstellar dust and/or gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nebular Hypothesis

A

a model that describes the formation of the solar system by contraction of a nebula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oceanography

A

scientific study of the floor of the ocean, the water itself, physical processes such as waves and tides, and the organisms contained within the ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Half-life

A

time required for half the atoms of a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay to an atom of another element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heterotrophs

A

organisms not capable of producing their own food by photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Autotrophs

A

anything that can synthesize organic compounds from inorganic nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

funded the exploration of the coast of Africa and the islands of the Atlantic Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Founded the “New World” by going west instead of east to india

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Magellan

A

Named the Pacific ocean, traveled west to find the east indies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

97.2%

A

How much of the world’s water is contained in oceans?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

70.8%

A

How much of the world is made up of water?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pacific Ocean

A

Largest ocean named by magellan, half the ocean surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atlantic Ocean

A

half the size of the pacific, separates new world from old world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Indian Ocean

A

slightly smaller than atlantic, southern hemi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arctic Ocean

A

7% the size of indian ocean, not very deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Southern/Antarctic Ocean

A

southern hemi, located below 50 degrees S and around antarctic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

People of Pacific Islands

A

First people to arrive on NA continent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sea

A

Smaller than other, contains salt water, somewhat enclosed by land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lithosphere

A

cool, rigid, outer-most layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Asthenosphere

A

plastic, flow when gradual force acted upon it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mesosphere

A

rigid, increased pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Outer core

A

liquid and capable of flowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inner core

A

rigid and does not flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Oceanic crust

A

Basalt, more dense, 5-10km thick,younger/newer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Continental crust

A

less dense, mostly made of granite, 30-50km thick, older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Stanley Miller

A

gave us an idea of how life could have developed out of non-living matter, a process called abiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

4.5 Billion years

A

How old is the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Radiometric Dating

A

calculates an age in years for geologic materials by measuring the presence of a short-life radioactive element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

James Cook

A

He mapped lands from New Zealand to Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Eratosthenes

A

invented a system of longitude and latitude and made a map of the known world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Plate tectonics

A

large slabs of rock that divide Earth’s crust, move constantly to reshape the Earth’s landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Continental drift

A

the movement of continents resulting from the motion of tectonic plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Pangaea​

A

North America was contiguous with Africa, South America, and Europe. They all existed as a single continent

37
Q

Mid-Ocean ridge

A

seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics

38
Q

Oceanic trench

A

long, narrow depressions on the seafloor

39
Q

Subduction/Subduction zone

A

form where a plate with thinner (less-buoyant) oceanic crust descends beneath a plate with thicker (more-buoyant) continental crust

40
Q

Paleomagnetism

A

the study of ancient pole positions and makes use of remanent magnetization to reconstruct the direction and strength of the geomagnetic field in the past

41
Q

Rift valley

A

a lowland region that forms where Earth’s tectonic plates move apart, or rift

42
Q

Hot spots

A

an area of the Earth’s mantle from which hot plumes rise upward, forming volcanoes on the overlying crust

43
Q

Tablemounts/Guyots

A

an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of the sea

44
Q

Seamounts

A

an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor

45
Q

Fringing reef

A

grows seaward directly from the shore

46
Q

Barrier reef

A

running parallel to the shore but separated from it by a channel of deep water

47
Q

Atoll

A

a coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon

48
Q

Fracture zone

A

linear feature on the ocean floor—often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long—resulting from the action of offset mid-ocean ridge axis segments

49
Q

Paleogeography

A

the study of historical geography, generally physical landscapes

50
Q

Alfred Wegener

A

originator of continental drift hypothesis

51
Q

Harry Hess

A

known for his theories on sea-floor spreading and convection currents in the mantle driving plate tectonics

52
Q

Frederick Vine & Drummond Matthews

A

found that the crust surrounding the midocean ridges showed alternating bands – each band magnetized with a polarity opposite the surrounding bands

53
Q

Charles Darwin

A

theory of evolution

54
Q

Panthalassa

A

the vast superocean that encompassed planet Earth and surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea

55
Q

Divergent plate boundaries

A

tectonic plates move apart

56
Q

transform plate boundaries

A

tectonic plates slide past each other

57
Q

Convergent plate boundaries

A

tectonic plates move towards each other

58
Q

Oceanic ridges

A

mountain ranges that have developed underwater. At the divergent plate boundary, the seafloor stretches along with the mid-ocean range

59
Q

Oceanic rises

A

sections of the mid-ocean ridge that spread out quickly and have a gentle slope

60
Q

Oceanic-continental convergence

A

When oceanic crust collides with a continent

61
Q

Oceanic-oceanic convergence

A

two oceanic plates converge or collide

62
Q

Continental-continental convergence

A

two continental plates move towards each other

63
Q

Wilson cycle

A

model that describes the opening and closing of ocean basins and the subduction and divergence of tectonic plates during the assembly and disassembly of supercontinents

64
Q

Bathymetry

A

the study of the “beds” or “floors” of water bodies, including the ocean, rivers, streams, and lakes

65
Q

Fathom

A

The unit of depth in the ocean for countries using the Imperial system of units

65
Q

Sounding (depth sounding)

A

is measuring the depth of a body of water

66
Q

Echo sounder

A

device for determining the depth of the seabed or detecting objects in water by measuring the time taken for sound echoes to return to the listener

67
Q

Multibeam echo sounder

A

type of active sonar system used to map the seafloor and detect objects in the water column or along the seafloor

68
Q

Seismic reflection profile

A

can be used to reconstruct uplift and regional topographic evolution

69
Q

Continental shelf

A

the area of seabed around a large landmass where the sea is relatively shallow compared with the open ocean. The continental shelf is geologically part of the continental crust

70
Q

Shelf break

A

underwater edge of a continental shelf, where it begins a rapid slope to the deep ocean floor

71
Q

Continental slope

A

the slope between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor

72
Q

Submarine canyon

A

steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, sometimes extending well onto the continental shelf, having nearly vertical walls, and occasionally having canyon wall heights of up to 5 km, from canyon floor to canyon rim

73
Q

Turbidity current

A

a rapid, downhill flow of water caused by increased density due to high amounts of sediment

74
Q

Continental rise

A

a low-relief zone of accumulated sediments that lies between the continental slope and the abyssal plain. It is a major part of the continental margin

75
Q

Deep-sea fan

A

underwater deltas, and submarine fans, are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition and formed by turbidity currents

76
Q

Deep-ocean trench

A

prominent, long, narrow topographic depressions of the ocean floor.

77
Q

Abyssal plains

A

underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3,000 and 6,000 metres. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge

78
Q

Abyssal hills

A

small hill that rises from the floor of an abyssal plain. They are the most abundant geomorphic structures on Earth

79
Q

Seamounts

A

an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor

80
Q

​Pacific Ring of Fire

A

string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean

81
Q

Hydrothermal vents

A

fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges

82
Q

continental margins

A

the region of transition from the land to the deep seafloor, i.e. between continental and oceanic crust

83
Q

deep-ocean basins

A

This includes parts of the oceans where deep water prevails

84
Q

submarine canyons

A

any of a class of narrow steep-sided valleys that cut into continental slopes and continental rises of the oceans

85
Q

Active continental margins

A

tend to have narrow continental shelves, active

86
Q

Passive continental margins

A

continental margins that are not tectonically active

87
Q

white smokers

A

chimneys formed from deposits of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white

88
Q

black smokers

A

chimneys formed from deposits of iron sulfide, which is black

89
Q

warm-water vents

A

naturally forming structures found in the ocean

Oceanography (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions