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Earth Science > Oceanography > Flashcards

Oceanography Flashcards

1
Q

5 Oceans

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic.

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2
Q

Early Oceanography

A

The voyage of the HMS Challenger laid the foundation

for the modern science of oceanography.

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3
Q

Sonar

A

“Sound, Navigation, and Ranging”, a system that uses
acoustic signals and returned echoes to determine the
location of objects or to communicate. Scientists measure the time that the sound waves take to travel from the transmitter, to the ocean floor, and to the receiver in order to calculate the depth of the ocean floor. Scientists then use this information to make maps and
profiles of the ocean floor.

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4
Q

Submersibles

A

Underwater research vessels.

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5
Q

Bathysphere

A

One such submersible is the bathysphere, a spherical
diving vessel that remains connected to the research
ship for communications and life support.

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6
Q

Bathyscaph

A

Another type of piloted submersible, called a

bathyscaph, is a self-propelled, free-moving submarine.

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7
Q

Global Ocean

A

The body of salt water that covers nearly three-fourths of Earth’s surface.

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8
Q

ROV (remotely operated vehicle)

A

Other modern submersibles are submarine robots. ROV (remotely operated vehicle)

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9
Q

Bathymetry

A

Features of the ocean floor.

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10
Q

Continental Margin

A

The shallow sea floor that is located between the shoreline and the deep-ocean bottom.

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11
Q

Deep-Ocean Basin

A

The part of the ocean floor that is under deep water beyond the continental margin and that is composed of oceanic crust and a thin layer of sediment.

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12
Q

The Ocean Floor consist of two main parts…

A

The Continental Margin and The Deep-Ocean Basin.

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13
Q

The Continental Margin consist of…

A

The continental shelf, the continental slope, the continental rise, and submarine canyons.

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14
Q

The Continental Shelf

A

The part of the continent that is covered by water.

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15
Q

The Continental Slope

A

At the seaward edge of a continental shelf is a steep slope.

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16
Q

The Continental Rise

A

These sediments form a wedge at the base of the continental slope.

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17
Q

Submarine Canyon

A

The continental shelf and continental slope may be cut by deep V-shaped valleys. These are deep valleys.

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18
Q

The Deep-Ocean Basin consist of…

A

These features include broad, flat plains; submerged volcanoes; gigantic mountain ranges; and deep
trenches.

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19
Q

Trench

A

A long, narrow, and steep depression that forms on the ocean floor.

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20
Q

Abyssal Plain

A

A large, flat, almost level area of the deep-ocean basin.

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21
Q

Mid-Ocean Ridge

A

Underwater mountain ranges that run along the floors of all oceans.

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22
Q

Seamounts

A

Submerged volcanic mountains that are taller than 1 km.

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23
Q

Island

A

Seamounts that rise above the ocean surface.

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24
Q

Guyot

A

Submerged Seamounts.

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25
Q

The two main gasses in the Atmosphere…

A

Nitrogen and Oxygen

26
Q

Carbon Sink

A

Because of this ability to dissolve and contain a large

amount of CO2 the ocean is referred as this.

27
Q

3.5%

A

The amount of dissolved solids in ocean water.

28
Q

Sea Salts

A

Give the ocean its salty taste.

29
Q

Six most abundant elements in ocean water…

A

Chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and

potassium.

30
Q

Halite

A

Salt made of sodium and chloride ions.

31
Q

Salinity

A

The measure of the amount of dissolved salts in

a given amount of liquid.

32
Q

Pacific Ocean

A

The deepest and largest ocean.

33
Q

Density

A

Major factor affecting deep currents.

34
Q

Turbidity Current

A

Type of Deep-Ocean Current.

35
Q

Long-Shore Currents

A

Form sandbars.

36
Q

Deep-Ocean Basin

A

Part of ocean floor made of crust and thin layer of sediment.

37
Q

Abyssal Plains

A

Flattest regions on Earth.

38
Q

Asteroid Belt

A

Located between Mars and Jupiter.

39
Q

Trench

A

Deepest place in Earth’s crust.

40
Q

Exoplanets

A

Objects that circle stars other than our sun.

41
Q

Submarine Canyon

A

Deep valley in continental shelf or slope.

42
Q

Fetch

A

Distance wind blows across an area of sea to generate waves.

43
Q

Winds

A

Major factor affecting surface currents.

44
Q

Sonar

A

Used to measure depth of ocean floor.

45
Q

Kuiper Belt

A

Region of Solar System located beyond Neptune; contains icy bodies.

46
Q

Undertow

A

Irregular current caused by breakers pulling water back into deeper water.

47
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

Causes curved paths of current and wind patterns.

48
Q

Arctic

A

Smallest Ocean.

49
Q

Wave Erosion

A

Causes an atoll to change to a guyot.

50
Q

Sea

A

Large body of water that may be surrounded by land.

51
Q

HMS Challenger

A

Voyage marked beginning of oceanography.

52
Q

Trace Elements

A

Elements that exist in very small amounts.

53
Q

Salinity and Temperature

A

Factors that affect Density.

54
Q

Currents

A

Water in the ocean moving in giant streams.

55
Q

Reflecting Telescope

A

Type of telescope in which initial image is formed by a concave mirror.

56
Q

Rip Currents

A

Form when breakers return to the ocean by cutting channels through sandbars.

57
Q

Fresh Water

A

Makes up 97.5% of ocean water.

58
Q

Evaporation will…

A

The factor that along with precipitation will affect salinity.

59
Q

Sargasso Sea

A

Vast, calm, warm area of Atlantic ocean.

60
Q

Gas Giant

A

Planet with a complex ring system and has many moons.

61
Q

Moons

A

Small bodies that orbit planets.

62
Q

Calendar

A

System for measuring time by dividing it into days, weeks, months.

Earth Science (1 decks)

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