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Ocean life > Ocean life > Flashcards

Ocean life Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a marine reptile?

A

Nerodia sipedon

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT an aquatic adaptation of penguins?

A

Pneumatic bones

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3
Q

Fish exhibit the greatest species diversity of all other vertebrate groups.

A

True

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4
Q

Some fish have heat-producing mechanisms that allow them to maintain warm muscles, in turn allowing for short-bursts of speed and/or improved vision in cold water.

A

True

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5
Q

What is a possible reason that puffin populations are decreasing?

A

A decline in the population of sand eels, their preferred prey items, due to growing fisheries

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6
Q

What is a lateral line system?

A

System of sensory organs that detect movement and vibrations in surrounding water

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7
Q

Which of the following animals has a lateral line system?

A

Bony Fishes

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8
Q

A seahorse is a type of bony fish

A

true

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9
Q

The hawksbill turtle’s sharp beak is specially adapted for feeding on what?

A

Sponges

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10
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Mysticetes except…

A

The use of echolocation to find food

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11
Q

Mysticetes

A

Baleen Whales

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12
Q

Smallest Mysticete

A

Minke Whale (10 meters)

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13
Q

Odontocetes

A

toothed whales

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14
Q

Because of low visibility in the marine environment, many marine mammals use _____ to communicate.

A

sound

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15
Q

Ecolocation

A

use sound to find food

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16
Q

Which marine mammals use Ecolocation

A

Odontocetes

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17
Q

Which marine mammal has the densest fur?

A

Sea Otter

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18
Q

Phocidae

A

earless seal

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19
Q

Marine otters are larger than sea otters and live primarily in the northern hemisphere.

A

False, Sea otters are bigger and live in the northern hemisphere while marine otters are smaller and live in the southern hemisphere

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20
Q

Which of the following species if known for its unique teeth that it uses to filter out krill?

A

Crabeater seal

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21
Q

What is the largest member of the Delphinidae family?

A

Killer Whale

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22
Q

No marine vertebrate is deaf

A

true

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23
Q

In which hemisphere does the majority of shipping take place?

A

Northern Hemisphere

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24
Q

Agnatha

A

Hagfishes- 85 species

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25
Q

chondrichthyes

A

sharks and rays- 900 species

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26
Q

Osteichthyes

A

herring, salmon, parrot fish- 25,000+ (96% of all fishes, 50% of all vertebrates, 50% marine)

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27
Q

buoyancy of bony fish

A

Most species have a swim bladder- gas filled sac for adjusting buoyancy
Absent in most fast moving fish, absent in all hag fish and cartilaginous fishes.

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28
Q

Ectotherms

A

animals that primarily gain heat through the environment

29
Q

Poikotherms

A

animals whose body temp adjusts depending on the environment

30
Q

Locomotion

A

Mucous covered scales and streamlined to reduce drag

31
Q

Sun fish (mola mola)

A

heaviest bony fish

spend most time in the mesopelagic zone but seen near surface

32
Q

Reproduction of bony fish

A

-produce eggs that are fertilized externally

33
Q

Sequental hermaphrodites

A

some species are all born one sex, but change to another during their life (nemo)

34
Q

Cryptic coloration

A

to blend in with surroundings

35
Q

disruptive coloration

A

stripes, bars or spots that break up the outline of the fish and confuse the predators

36
Q

Herring sound makers

A

produce fast repetitive ticks (FRT)

generated by passing air from the swim bladder through their anus

37
Q

Squamata

A

snakes and lizards

38
Q

Chelonia

A

turtles and tortoises

39
Q

crocodilia

A

Crocs and Alligators

40
Q

todays reptile species

A

1% are marine

41
Q

Sea snakes

A

sub family hydrophiidae
can only survive in water
air breathing, non aggressive but highly venomous

42
Q

what do sea snakes feed on?

A

fish and fish eggs

43
Q

Viviparous

A

give birth to live young in water (sea snakes)

44
Q

Deadliest sea snake

A

beaked sea snake

45
Q

Sea Kraits

A

more primitive than sea snakes
oviparous- lay eggs on land
eat fish/eels
venemous

46
Q

Marine iguanas

A 
Amblyrhynchus cristatus
only found in galapagos islands
lay eggs in sand
Herbivores- marine algae
laterally compressed tail
47
Q

Sea turtles

A 
2 families
Cheloniidae
Dermochlyidae
all species endangered
lay eggs on land in sand nests
mostly tropical and subtropical
48
Q

Dermochlyidae

A

leatherback turtles

49
Q

turtle shells

A

each species has a different number of plates

formed from a deeper layer in the dermis than scales on sakes

50
Q

Sea turtle reproduction

A

no parental care of hatchlings

100 eggs that incubate for 2 months

51
Q

Sea turtle hatchlings

A

entire nest emerges at night and head towards the brightest light
most die before reaching the ocean (1/100)

52
Q

Leatherback turtles

A

Largest sea turtle
lack scutes and have rubbery skin that allow them to dive deep
ENDOTHERMIC

53
Q

Seabird nesting habitats

A

islands
tundras
coastal cliffs

54
Q

Seabird reproduction

A 
k selected
reproduce every 1-3 years
produce on land
few eggs, big babies
lots of parental care
55
Q

seabird feeding

A

different bill shapes enable different feeding methods

56
Q

Birds that can’t fly

A

Penguin

57
Q

oxygen storage in birds while diving

A

lungs+muscle+blood

58
Q

Penguins

A

all live in the southern hemisphere except one species

found from tropics to poles

59
Q

Seabird-fishery interactions

A

killed in bycatch

60
Q

Where do salt water crocs live and how big?

A

Southeast asia and 7m and 2000+ pounds

61
Q

Foraging in sea birds

A

different bill shapes for different food

62
Q

Foraging in marine mammals

A

filter feeding
engulfment
echolocation
strand feeding

63
Q

Walruses

A

odobenids

64
Q

Sea lions and fur seals (otariid)

A

otariid
external earflaps
quadrapedal locomotion
swim with front flippers

65
Q

Carnivores (5 families)

A 
Polar bears
otters
seals
walruses
sea lions and fur seals
66
Q

3 orders of marine mammals (cetecea)

A

Mystecetes (Baleen whales)- low frequency sounds
Odonocetes (toothed whales)- echolocation
Sireneia (dugong and manatees)

67
Q

Manatees and dugong (sirenia)

A

mostly eat sea grass

Closest terrestrial species are elephants

68
Q

seabird

A

must depend on marine environment for something

69
Q

Monitors

A 
Amphibious lizards
found in southeast asia
laterally flattened tail
bigger than iguanas
lay eggs in nests on land

Ocean life (1 decks)

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