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Oceanography 15 > Ocean Lab Final > Flashcards

Ocean Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

In a bathymetry map, contours connect lines of equal__

A

depth

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2
Q

In a bathymetry map, in what direction would a ridge be pointing?

A

Downhill

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3
Q

If there were a rapid change in elevation on a bathymetric map, how would the contours be spaced?

A

Close together

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4
Q

On a map, the vertical scale is 2 cm/km, while the horizontal scale is 1 cm/10 km. What is the vertical exaggeration?

A

Vertical scale = 2 cm/km
Horizontal scale = 0.1 cm/ km
Vertical scale/Horizontal scale = 2/0.1 = 20

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5
Q

What underwater feature is shown in the bathymetry map (circles that have greater numbers as they go inward)?

A

Underwater valley

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6
Q

A floating object will displace its ___ in fluid.

A

Weight

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7
Q

A ____ margin is typically located adjacent to a plate boundary.

A

Pacific/active

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8
Q

What are the major chemical layers of the Earth?

A

Crust, mantle, core

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9
Q

What type of rock typically composes the oceanic crust? The continental?

A

Basalt, granite

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10
Q

Why are the crests of mid-ocean ridges higher than the surrounding seafloor?

A

They are younger and therefore warmer.

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11
Q

Mid-ocean ridges are an example of this kind of plate boundary.

A

Divergent

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12
Q

The Himalayas are consequences of THIS kind of plate boundary? Be specific

A

Continent-Continent convergence

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13
Q

Which process ultimately destroys lithospheric material

A

Subduction

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14
Q

You are trying to find the spreading rate along a mid-ocean ridge. You determine that the age of oceanic crust 400 km away from the ridge is 15 million years old. What is the spreading rate in cm/yr?

A

400 km = 40,000,000 cm

40,000,000/15,000,000 = 2.67 cm/yr

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15
Q

In which direction is the plate moving, given that the youngest volcano is North-east?

A

South-west

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16
Q

A manganese nodule is an example of what kind of sediment?

A

Chemogenic (hydrogenous) sediment.

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17
Q

Which type of sediment dissolves below the CCS?

A

Calcareous Oozes

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18
Q

What is the following sediment’s sorting classification (circles of many different sizes)?

A

Poorly sorted

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19
Q

In terms of latitude, where is the CCD the deepest?

A

Warmer, less acidic water at LOWER latitudes

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20
Q

When chalk (CaCo3) is exposed to acid (HCl), it fizzes. Name two of the three products of this reaction.

A

CaCl2, CO2, H2O

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21
Q

Nama a process that can decrease the salinity of seawater.

A

Precipitation or glacier melt

22
Q

Name one consequence of hydrogen bonding in water.

A

High latent heat, high heat capacity, high melting point, high boiling point, less dense as solid, etc.

23
Q

At what latitudes are the highest amounts of surface water dissolved CO2 observed? Why?

A

High latitudes/ the poles. Because CO2 solubility is higher in cold water

24
Q

Give the formula for residence time. What units does residence time have?

A

T[units of time] = amount of a given element dissolved in the ocean/the flux of the element in or out of the ocean

25
Q

These ions act as a buffer in the ocean, keeping seawater from becoming too acidic or too basic.

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

26
Q

What is the name of the region of rapid density change in the ocean?

A

Pycnocline

27
Q

What is the general name of the type of current that flows south on the left of the Pacific Ocean?

A

Western Boundary Current

28
Q

Name both regions of deep water discussed in lab.

A

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

29
Q

The net motion of water at a 90 degree angle to the prevailing wind direction is known as:

A

Ekman transport

30
Q

Name the methods of intermediate water formation.

A

1) Convergence of surface waters in subpolar gyres, causing dense water formation that sinks along isopycnals.
2) Warm, saline water flowing into Atlantic from the Mediterranean

31
Q

Name examples of phytoplankton, and zooplankton.

A

Phytoplankton: dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, cyanobacteria, diatoms.
Zooplankton: copepods, krill, radiolarians, forams.

32
Q

Name examples of limiting nutrients.

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Silica

33
Q

Name examples of macroplankton.

A

Krill, Pteropods, Gelatinous Plankton (Jellyfish)

34
Q

What are the three trophic groups?

A

Producers (autotroph), consumer (heterotroph), and decomposers (seprotroph)

35
Q

Define Euphotic, Dysphotic, Aphotic in terms of the amount of photosynthesis that occurs.

A

Euphotic: region from surface to critical depth where photosynthesis dominates.
Dysphotic: photosynthesis no longer dominant but still takes place.
Aphotic: completely dark, no photosynthesis.

36
Q

Periwinkle snails inhabit which tidal zones?

A

Splash zone to high tide zone

37
Q

Name ways intertidal organisms have adapted to dessication.

A

Large shell volume to hold water (periwinkle snail), closing up body cavity when tide goes down (mussels/barnacles), secreting mucus (anemone), moves to tidepools (sea urching, sea star), gill changers (crab)

38
Q

How does the large limpet deal with intruders in its space?

A

It bulldozes other organisms off the rock

39
Q

Why can red algae inhabit deep water environments?

A

They are better at absorbing blue light, which penetrates deeper in the ocean than other wavelengths

40
Q

What purpose does a kelp’s pneumatocyst serve?

A

They are filled with gas and provide a buoyant upward force to keep the kelp upright

41
Q

What is the name of the wind pattern that drive equatorial currents?

A

Trade winds

42
Q

In ocean drilling expedition, you pick a site that has a low biological productivity and is far from the edges of any continents, islands or glaciers. What type of sediment do you expect to find at the seafloor?

A

Red (abyssal) clay

43
Q

Where would there be coastal upwelling

A

Peru (humbholdt) current

44
Q

How many times larger is the H+ concentration in lemon juice (pH = 2) that in black coffee (pH = 5)?

A

pH is a logarithmic scale so each step is a 10x difference. Lemon juice has 1,000x H+ than black coffee.

45
Q

Locate NADW and AABW on the T-S plot.

A

Picture not show, but AABW = D, NADW = C. (AABW has most dense, and coldest water).

46
Q

You have a million dollars due to a lucrative career as a geoscientist. How would you write this dollar amount in scientific notation?

A

$10^6

47
Q

There are approximately 3.1x10^4 undergraduates at UCLA. How would you write this in standard numeric form?

A

31,000

48
Q

You measure the salinity of a lagoon and find it to be 42.5 o/oo. How would you express this value in percent?

A

4.25%

49
Q

You have a yard that is 10mx10m. What is the area in square kilometers?

A

1 m = 0.001 km; 10 m = 0.01 km

0.01 km * 0.01 km = 0.0001 sq km (10^-4)

50
Q

You have a piece of basalt (density 3.0 g/cm^3) but don’t have a scale. Instead you put it into a beaker filled with water to see how much water it displaces. The rock displaces 4 mL. What is the mass of this rock?

A

m = dv
4 mL = 4 cm^3
3.0 g/cm^34 cm^3 = 12 g

Oceanography 15 (1 decks)

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