Ocean Lab Final Flashcards
In a bathymetry map, contours connect lines of equal__
depth
In a bathymetry map, in what direction would a ridge be pointing?
Downhill
If there were a rapid change in elevation on a bathymetric map, how would the contours be spaced?
Close together
On a map, the vertical scale is 2 cm/km, while the horizontal scale is 1 cm/10 km. What is the vertical exaggeration?
Vertical scale = 2 cm/km
Horizontal scale = 0.1 cm/ km
Vertical scale/Horizontal scale = 2/0.1 = 20
What underwater feature is shown in the bathymetry map (circles that have greater numbers as they go inward)?
Underwater valley
A floating object will displace its ___ in fluid.
Weight
A ____ margin is typically located adjacent to a plate boundary.
Pacific/active
What are the major chemical layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, core
What type of rock typically composes the oceanic crust? The continental?
Basalt, granite
Why are the crests of mid-ocean ridges higher than the surrounding seafloor?
They are younger and therefore warmer.
Mid-ocean ridges are an example of this kind of plate boundary.
Divergent
The Himalayas are consequences of THIS kind of plate boundary? Be specific
Continent-Continent convergence
Which process ultimately destroys lithospheric material
Subduction
You are trying to find the spreading rate along a mid-ocean ridge. You determine that the age of oceanic crust 400 km away from the ridge is 15 million years old. What is the spreading rate in cm/yr?
400 km = 40,000,000 cm
40,000,000/15,000,000 = 2.67 cm/yr
In which direction is the plate moving, given that the youngest volcano is North-east?
South-west
A manganese nodule is an example of what kind of sediment?
Chemogenic (hydrogenous) sediment.
Which type of sediment dissolves below the CCS?
Calcareous Oozes
What is the following sediment’s sorting classification (circles of many different sizes)?
Poorly sorted
In terms of latitude, where is the CCD the deepest?
Warmer, less acidic water at LOWER latitudes
When chalk (CaCo3) is exposed to acid (HCl), it fizzes. Name two of the three products of this reaction.
CaCl2, CO2, H2O
Nama a process that can decrease the salinity of seawater.
Precipitation or glacier melt
Name one consequence of hydrogen bonding in water.
High latent heat, high heat capacity, high melting point, high boiling point, less dense as solid, etc.
At what latitudes are the highest amounts of surface water dissolved CO2 observed? Why?
High latitudes/ the poles. Because CO2 solubility is higher in cold water
Give the formula for residence time. What units does residence time have?
T[units of time] = amount of a given element dissolved in the ocean/the flux of the element in or out of the ocean
These ions act as a buffer in the ocean, keeping seawater from becoming too acidic or too basic.
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
What is the name of the region of rapid density change in the ocean?
Pycnocline
What is the general name of the type of current that flows south on the left of the Pacific Ocean?
Western Boundary Current
Name both regions of deep water discussed in lab.
North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)
The net motion of water at a 90 degree angle to the prevailing wind direction is known as:
Ekman transport
Name the methods of intermediate water formation.
1) Convergence of surface waters in subpolar gyres, causing dense water formation that sinks along isopycnals.
2) Warm, saline water flowing into Atlantic from the Mediterranean
Name examples of phytoplankton, and zooplankton.
Phytoplankton: dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, cyanobacteria, diatoms.
Zooplankton: copepods, krill, radiolarians, forams.
Name examples of limiting nutrients.
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Silica
Name examples of macroplankton.
Krill, Pteropods, Gelatinous Plankton (Jellyfish)
What are the three trophic groups?
Producers (autotroph), consumer (heterotroph), and decomposers (seprotroph)
Define Euphotic, Dysphotic, Aphotic in terms of the amount of photosynthesis that occurs.
Euphotic: region from surface to critical depth where photosynthesis dominates.
Dysphotic: photosynthesis no longer dominant but still takes place.
Aphotic: completely dark, no photosynthesis.
Periwinkle snails inhabit which tidal zones?
Splash zone to high tide zone
Name ways intertidal organisms have adapted to dessication.
Large shell volume to hold water (periwinkle snail), closing up body cavity when tide goes down (mussels/barnacles), secreting mucus (anemone), moves to tidepools (sea urching, sea star), gill changers (crab)
How does the large limpet deal with intruders in its space?
It bulldozes other organisms off the rock
Why can red algae inhabit deep water environments?
They are better at absorbing blue light, which penetrates deeper in the ocean than other wavelengths
What purpose does a kelp’s pneumatocyst serve?
They are filled with gas and provide a buoyant upward force to keep the kelp upright
What is the name of the wind pattern that drive equatorial currents?
Trade winds
In ocean drilling expedition, you pick a site that has a low biological productivity and is far from the edges of any continents, islands or glaciers. What type of sediment do you expect to find at the seafloor?
Red (abyssal) clay
Where would there be coastal upwelling
Peru (humbholdt) current
How many times larger is the H+ concentration in lemon juice (pH = 2) that in black coffee (pH = 5)?
pH is a logarithmic scale so each step is a 10x difference. Lemon juice has 1,000x H+ than black coffee.
Locate NADW and AABW on the T-S plot.
Picture not show, but AABW = D, NADW = C. (AABW has most dense, and coldest water).
You have a million dollars due to a lucrative career as a geoscientist. How would you write this dollar amount in scientific notation?
$10^6
There are approximately 3.1x10^4 undergraduates at UCLA. How would you write this in standard numeric form?
31,000
You measure the salinity of a lagoon and find it to be 42.5 o/oo. How would you express this value in percent?
4.25%
You have a yard that is 10mx10m. What is the area in square kilometers?
1 m = 0.001 km; 10 m = 0.01 km
0.01 km * 0.01 km = 0.0001 sq km (10^-4)
You have a piece of basalt (density 3.0 g/cm^3) but don’t have a scale. Instead you put it into a beaker filled with water to see how much water it displaces. The rock displaces 4 mL. What is the mass of this rock?
m = dv
4 mL = 4 cm^3
3.0 g/cm^34 cm^3 = 12 g
