Ocean Acidification and Sea Level Rise Flashcards
Ocean Acidification
A decrease in pH of ocean water, due to absorption of CO2 and chemical pollution.
Direct effects of ocean acidification
Fluxes of material into the oceans
Indirect effects of ocean acidification
Climate change & altered ocean circulation
Four anthropogenic sources of CO2
Fossil fuel burning, deforestation, changes in land use, energy and cement production
Three anthropogenic sinks
Oceans, land, forests
Atmospheric CO2 concentration went from ____ ppmv pre industrial revolution to ____ ppmv.
280, 410
Natural buffering in the oceans causes carbonic acid to become
Biocarbonate and hydrogen ions
Warmer regions are ______ affected by increased CO2 levels
less
Why is it bad that OA causes reduced calcification
Many marine organisms possess shells and skeletal formations that require calcification
A form of Calcium Carbonate. More soluble, found in corals and molluscs.
Aragonite
A form of Calcium Carbonate. Less soluble, found in echinoderms and crustaceans
Calcite
OA can lead to
- Impairment of _________ behaviour
- Reduced _________ due to ______ underdevelopment
- Reduction in ___________ due to underdeveloped sound-generating structures
- Impairment of particular life _________
- Impairs some organisms ability to interpret _________ cues (identifying suitable vs unsuitable ________)
foraging, locomotion, muscle, communication, stages, environmental, habitats
Seven stressors affecting ecosystems
Ocean acidification, hypoxia, species invasions, increased fishing intensity, warming, pollution, habitat loss
Bioturbation
The disturbance of sedimentary deposits by living organisms
The impact of OA and hypoxia in fish
Increased hatching time, decrease hatching success, decreased body length, decreased post-hatch survival
Mean sea level
The average height of the sea over long periods of time (months or years) (short term changes not accounted for)
Saltwater Intrusion
The movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers (underground layers of water-bearing material)
