OCD

Question 1

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Answer 1

An anxiety disorder where anxiety arises from repetitive behaviour (compulsions) accompanied by obsessive thinking (obsessions).

Question 2

What is an obsession?

Answer 2

Persistent thoughts which recur over and over again and create anxiety.

Question 3

What are compulsions?

Answer 3

Repetitive behaviours carried out to reduce the anxiety created by obsessions.

Question 4

List and outline the four categories of OCD recognised by the DSM-5.

Answer 4

1. OCD – characterised by either obsessions and/or compulsions
2. Trichotillomania – compulsive hair pulling
3. Hoarding disorder – the compulsive gathering of possessions and the inability to part with anything.
4. Excoriation disorder – compulsive skin picking.

Question 5

Outline two behavioural characteristics of OCD.

Answer 5

1. Repetitive compulsions - compelled to repeat specific behaviours to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions
2. Avoidance - Attempt to reduce anxiety by staying away from situations which trigger it.

Question 6

Outline three emotional characteristics of OCD.

Answer 6

1. Anxiety and stress - obsessive thoughts are unpleasant and frightening and compulsions create anxiety.
2. Guilt and disgust - Irrational guilt over minor issues and disgust at a stimulus or themselves
3. Depression - Anxiety can lead to low mood and lack of enjoyment in activities

Question 7

Outline three cognitive characteristics of OCD.

Answer 7

1. Obsessive thoughts - Seemingly uncontrollable, repetitive and unpleasant thoughts.
2. Cognitive coping strategies - Strategies adopted to deal with obsessions which can distract from everyday tasks. Religious person tormented by excessive guilt may pray/madidate
3. Aware of excessive anxiety - Comprehend that thoughts and compulsions are irrational or excessive. Can also be hypervigilant.