Occupational Medicine Flashcards
Mention X-ray findings in occupational lung diseases
They differ in site, size & shape:
In silicosis, upper half of lung shows rounded small opacities
In asbestosis lower half of lung shows irregular opacities, tenting of diaphragm
In PMF, there are large opacities
Byssinosis: inc bronchovascular markings
Mention examples of biological monitoring
Blood lead or urine dALA, urine mercury, CBC for X-ray workers
Maximum noise exposure should be….m while the first affected zone of audiometry is…..
85 dB
4000-6000 Hz
Mention acute effects of ionizing radiation exposure
- Severe watery diarrhea w/mucus threads
- Anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia
- Abortion
- Cataract
Mention medical measures for protection in ionising radiation exposure
- Pre-employment exam including CBC
- Periodic medical exam including CBC /6m, & early detection of skin & other system affection
- Leaded aprons
- Periodic monitoring of personal exposure through personal dosimeters as badge films
Mention accepted radiation exposure for each population group
Occupational 5 Rem/year, not exceeding half this amount in 3 months or in whole period of pregnancy
2.5 Rem for general population
IR rays cause…..while UVR cause
PPE is……
Posterior polar cataract
Protective goggles & protective aprons
Mention acute effects of decompression sickness
Bends, itching, pulmonary air embolism, asphyxia, abdominal colic, focal CNS lesions may be temporary or permennat
Delayed: aseptic bone necrosis
The most important heat loss mechanism is…..
Heat balance equation is…..
Evaluation of heat stress is by….
Evaporation
M+/-R+/-C-E
Wet bulb globe thermometer
Mention guidelines for workers exposed to heat
Dec earing of fatty diet to dec caloric intake thus maintain heat balance
Compensate for salt & water loss in sweat by eating salty meals & inc fluid intake
Heat rash is ttt by…..
Frequent cleaning of skin, keratolytic lotions (5% salicylic acid)
The earliest manifestation of water depletion heat exhaustion is…..
Thirst & dry tongue
Mention the essential triad of rapid diagnosis
- Hyperpyrexia (rectal temp 40.6degC)
- Loss of consciousness
- Red hot dry skin
Mention TTT of heat stroke
It is a medical emergency, prognosis depends on rapid cooling to reach at least 38.9degC within 1 hr, then gradual cooling
This is done by water spraying & air current by fans & supportive & symptomatic measures
Never use ice cold water
Acclimatization is mainly by…..&…..
ACTH & ADH
Mention clinical effects of inorganic lead exposure
Blue-grey lead line in gum d.t. lead sulfide accumulation, abdominal colic, constipation vomiting.
Lead nephropathy & renal hypertension
Spontaneous abortion
Lead encephalopathy in children (if organic causes psychosis)
Lead anemia
Foot & wrist drop
Mention main clinical findings in mercury exposure
Acute pneumonitis
Gingivitis & teeth loss
Renal damage
Neuropsychiatric changes (erethism) & tremors
Sensory & motor changes
Mention sources of:
1. Cadmium
2. Chromium
- Electroplating, welding, some alloys
- Tanning of leather, manufacture of pigments & Portland cement & alloys
Mention main clinical findings in cadmium exposure
Renal impairment, osteomalacia of the bone & severe aches (Itai Itai disease), bronchitis & focal emphysema
Mention main clinical findings in cadmium exposure
Skin: Chrome holes of hands & forearms, Dermatitis
Respiratory tract irritation: ulceration of nose & throat with crusting of nose, perforated nasal septum, inc incidence of lung cancer & nasal cavity
Mention the simple asphyxiants
Methane, butane, nitrogen, helium
Mention effects of (1) arsine, (2)nickel carbonyl
- RBCs destruction leading to anemia & jaundice
- Causes severe pulmonary irritation
Mention first aid measures for occupational gas exposure
Remove victim from source of fumes to fresh air
Support them & encourage normal breathing
Monitor vital signs till transfer to hospital
Mention first aid measures for pesticide exposure
- Protect yourself by waering appropriate protective clothing & equipment esp if pesticide is absorbed through skin
- If pesticide has been inhaled remove person to fresh air, if eye exposure clean for 15 min w/ running water
- If conveulsions—ER & atropine
- Each pesticide antidote can be known from safety data sheet
In……, doxycyline is prophylactic while in……spraying formaldehye is prophylactic
Leptospirosis
Histomplasmosis (contaminated surfaces in farms)
Mention diseases caused egg shell appearance on X-ray
Sarcoidosis, TB, silicosis
Mention CCC of silicosis & asbestosis
Both: bronchogenic carcinoma & corpulmonary
S: TB, A: mesothelioma
Silica can be substituted by…..
Corundum
PMF occurs when…….while Caplan syn is…..
Inhaled carbon dust is mixed with silica dust
Nodulat opacity in rt lung + rheumatoid arthritis
Mention causes of extrinsic allergic alveolitis
- Farmer’s lung caused by micropolyspora faeni & thermoactinmyces vulgaris from mouldy hay
- Bagassosis: theractinomyces sacchari from wood & paper industry
Mention a specific neasure in extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Spraying 1% propionic acid
……causes obstructive airway disease, exposure is in…..esp in…..
Byssinosis
Cotton industry
Carding
Most commonly affected body parts by bad ergonomics are…..
Arms & back
