occupational lung disease Flashcards
what is occupational lung disease?
a group of lung disease that are consequent of the repeated inhalation of dust , mineral organic and chemical at work place
what is the classification of lung disease?
Mineral dust inhalation
organic dust inhalation
toxic fume inhalation
what are the mineral dust inhalation?
silicosis
asbestosis
coal minor workers
berylliosis
what is pneumoconiosis?
Accumulation of dust in the lungs & the tissue reaction to its prevention
what are the organic dust inhalation?
Hypersensitivity pneumoconitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis
specific organic material/causative agent
- moldy hay /farmer lung
- mushroom compost (mushrooms worker lung)
- bird droppings (pigeon breeder lung) pigeon serum
- moldy barely (malt worker lung)
- insect dust (miller lung)
what are the toxic fumes & gases?
occupational material causing ILD
•cadmium-alveolitis & pulmonary emphysema
•mercury-pulmonary edema
•zinc-alveolar & interstitial damage
•oxyegen-thickened alveolar septa & hyaline membranes
•ozone-inflammation of airway
•sulphur dioxide-bronchitis & inc mucus secretion
•chloride-irritation in upper airway pulmonary edema.
what is silicosis?
- caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust
- 15-25 years of onset following initial exposure
- hard nodules deposited in entire lung parenchyma,peribrochiolar , peri vascular regions.
- intially solitary nodules, later combine to form large nodules
- it is marked by inflammation & scarring in the form of nodular lesion in the upper lobe of lungs
- simple silicosis may be symptomatic or mild symptoms like cough & mild dyspnea.
- complicated silicosis include- sever pulmonary restriction, reduced lung volume , hypoxia , sever dyspnea.
what is coal miner worker?
•also known as black lung disease •caused by long term exposure to coal dust •symptoms cough shortness of breath chest tightness
what is asbestosis?
diffuse fibrosis due to inhalation of asbestos long term inflammation & scarring symptoms: shortness of breath persistent dry cough chest tightness
what is berylliosis ?
granulomatous reaction caused by exposure to beryllium symptoms chest pain coughing fatigue wt loss increase shortness of breath
pathogenesis
extrinsic allergen (exposure)
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which causes to blood plasma cell to differentiate into b lymphocytes
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which produce ag-ab in pulmonary capillaries
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pulmonary inflammation in response to ag-ab components which are released cytokines,growth factors
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alveolar macrophages
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stimulates fibroblastic activity
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extra cellular collagen matrix led down in deposits within the capillaries & alveolar septum
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interstitial fibrosis
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chronic state
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replacement alveolar structure by the fibroblastic material
pathophysiology
loss of lung volume
v/q mismatch
progressive dyspnea
dyspnea at rest
pulmonary hypertension
right heart failure
death
what is v/q ventilation perfusion?
Ventilation perfusion mismatch or “V/Q defects” are defects in total lung ventilation perfusion ratio. It is a condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood flow, or they receive blood flow but no oxygen due to some diseases and disorders.
short term gaol
pt. education
02 support
reduce work of breathing
pt education
-preventive health practice
removal of triggers, exacerbation , & their prevention
-job modification, nutrition & hydration
-relaxation & stress management
-medication prior to exercise & o2 support
-benefit of exercise & physical activities
