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CRSP > Occupational Hygiene > Flashcards

Occupational Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

According to him, the dose makes the poison

A

Paracelsus

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2
Q

Introduced because of Percival Potts work on scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps

A

The British Chimney Sweeps Act

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3
Q

Not-for-profit organization which sets standards or professional competence for occupational hygienists and hygiene techs in Canada

A

Canadian Registration Board of Occupational Hygienists (CBROH)

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4
Q

No-for-profit organization that established and published Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

A

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

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5
Q

Most common route of toxic chemical entry

A

Inhalation

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6
Q

3 ways that doses are expressed

A

The quantity administered per unit body weight, quantity per skin surface area, & quantity per unit vol of air breathed

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7
Q

2 variables involved in air contaminants

A

The concentration of the substance and the duration of exposure

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8
Q

Lethal Dose (LD50)

A

The total amount of a substance applied to skin, injected in the muscle, or given by mouth over a stated period of time which will kill 50% of a group of test animals

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9
Q

A high LD50 means it’s _______ _______ than a compound with a low LD50.

A

less toxic

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10
Q

Lethal Concentration (LC50)

A

The concentration of an airborne substance that will kill 50% of a group of test animals when absorbed by INHALATION in a stated length of time.

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11
Q

Category of chemicals with the highest toxicity according to GHS

A

Category one

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12
Q

Toxicity

A

The ability of a substance to produce an unwanted effect when the chemical has reached a sufficient concentration at a certain site in the body

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13
Q

Degree of toxicity depends on:

A

Dose, route of entry, route of absorption, individual differences

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14
Q

Degree of hazard depends on toxicity including:

A

Chemical and physical properties of the substance, how much is being used, conditions and manner of use, control measures in place, & duration of exposure

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15
Q

Gases that are liquified by extremely low temperatures

A

Cryogenic liquids

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16
Q

Most significant health hazard in the welding process

A

Generation of toxic metal fumes and gases

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17
Q

Disease caused by Tin fumes

A

Stannosis

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18
Q

Disease caused by Iron fumes

A

Siderosis

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19
Q

Disease caused by Titanium fumes

A

Fibrosis

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20
Q

Disease caused by carbon

A

Anthracosis

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21
Q

Caused by UV radiation from welding

A

Arc eye/welder’s eye/arc flash

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22
Q

Fever chills, flu-like symptoms from exposure to welding fumes that contain zinc oxide and/or magnesium

A

Metal fume fever

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23
Q

Caused by the impairment of organ of corti

A

Noise-induced hearing loss

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24
Q

3 small bones in the middle ear that helps in the hearing process

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

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25
Q

Definition of sound

A

A slight, rapid variation in atmospheric pressure, caused by longitudinal vibration(sound waves)

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26
Q

Characteristics of a sound wave

A

Frequency (perceived pitch), wavelength, and velocity

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27
Q

The speed of sound is always _______ the product of the frequency and the wavelength

A

equal to

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28
Q

Sound power per unit area at a given point, measured in W/m2

A

Sound intensity

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29
Q

An increase of 3 dB represents a __________ of the sound intensity

A

doubling

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30
Q

For every doubling of the distance, the sound intensity will be __________ by 6 dB

A

reduced

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31
Q

The weakest sound a healthy human ear can detect has an amplitude of _______

A

20 micropascal (uPa)

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32
Q

Noise exposure limits are expressed in ____

33
Q

Formula for noised dose exposed to different weighted sound levels

A

D = (C1/T1)+ (C2/T2)+(Cn/Tn) = 1

34
Q

Noise from 2 sound sources

A

0-1 dB difference, add 3dB to greater source
2-4 dB difference, add 2dB
5-9 dB difference, add 1dB
10 dB+ difference, add 0 dB

35
Q

SPL _________by ___ dB for every doubling of distance

A

decreases, 6

36
Q

Controls for noise exposure can be used in 3 parts. What are they?

A

source, path, receiver

37
Q

Type of Sound Level Meter (SLM) that is sufficient for industrial field evaluations

38
Q

This is similar to dosimeter and it determines equivalent sound levels over a measurement period

39
Q

Noise measuring instrument that is best for personal noise exposure

40
Q

Components of hearing conservation program

A

Monitoring, Audiometric testing, hearing protectors, training, record keeping

41
Q

Observable health conditions such as reddening of skin due to high exposure to radiation

A

Deterministic effects

42
Q

Not immediately observable health effects such as cancer or genetic damage

A

Stochastic effects

43
Q

Ionizing radiation that can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Considered to be only internal radiation hazards

A

Alpha particles

44
Q

Ionizing radiation that can be stopped by 1/2 inch of aluminum

A

Beta particles

45
Q

A secondary x-ray radiation produced when beta particles are slowed down or stopped

A

Bremsstrahlung radiation

46
Q

Best shields for neutrons

A

Concrete, Polyethylene, boron

47
Q

Ionizing radiation that requires thick lead for shielding

A

Gamma rays

48
Q

Max effective dose of radiation in 1-yr & 5-yr period by an adult worker

A

1 year = .05 Sv or 5 rems or 50mSv
5 year = 100 mSv

49
Q

The total radiation dose accumulated during the 50 years following the intake

A

Committed dose

50
Q

Sum of weighted equivalent radiation dose in all the organs and tissues of the body

A

Effective dose

51
Q

A small badge that can be worn as a clip and contains a small piece of photographic film that is sensitive to radiation

A

Film badges

52
Q

A radiation detector containing small chips of lithium fluoride that will store ionizing radiation and will release this energy when heated

A

Thermal Luminescence Detectors (TLD)

53
Q

Radiation detectors that are direct reading, allow for immediate results

A

Pocket dosimeters

54
Q

Opening the shutter allows the radiation to pass through the material and to be measured by a detector mounted opposite the source

A

Fixed gauges

55
Q

Method using portable gauge that involves placing a source rod in a tube that is inserted beneath the soil surface through a punched access hole

A

Direct transmission

56
Q

Equation for body’s heat balance

A

S=M+R+C+K-E
Rate of heat storage = Metabolism rate + Radiation gain or loss + Convective heat gain/loss + Conductive heat gain/loss - Evaporative heat loss

57
Q

Acclimatization generally takes how many days

58
Q

Fingers will become white and stiff with intermittent blanching, tingling, and reddening

A

Reynaud’s disorder

59
Q

Hypothermia

A

Body temperature of 35C and below

60
Q

Laboratory procedures intended for processing clinical Anthrax specimens should be managed where?

A

Biosafety Level 2
If aerosol is produced, Level 3

61
Q

A rare but serious lung disease caused by Hantavirus

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

62
Q

Biosafety level for high risk of life threatening disease

A

Biosafety Level 3

63
Q

Class of biosafety cabinets that provides protection by means of non-recirculated inward airflow away from the operator

64
Q

Extremely high exposure to this can lead to a condition known as organic dust toxic syndrome

A

Mycotoxins

65
Q

Types of Class 2 BSCs

A

Type A - inward airflow velocity of 75-100 fpm, exhaust air usually discharged to the work environment
Type B - 100fpm, HARD-DUCTED to the outside atmosphere

66
Q

Affects agricultural workers causing “farmers lung”

A

Aspergillus versicolor

67
Q

Airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under w/c it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse health effect

A

Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)

68
Q

The time-weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hr workday and a 40-hr work week to w/c it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects

69
Q

How high can concentration go above the TLV-TWA?

A

Levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than 30 mins during a workday but never exceed 5 times

70
Q

What is TLV-Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)?

A

The concentration to w/c worker can be exposed continuously for a short period of time (15 min) without without adverse effects. Should not occur > 4x/day, with at least 60 mins between exposure.

71
Q

A concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the work exposure.

A

TLV-C (Ceiling)

72
Q

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI’s)

A

Represents warning levels of biological response to the chemical, or warning levels of the chemical or its metabolic product(s) in the tissue, fluids, or exhaled air of exposed workers, regardless of whether the chemical was inhaled, ingested or absorbed via the skin.

73
Q

A level at which action is required for some specific substances and noise exposure

A

Action limit

74
Q

3 groups of calibrators/standard meters for air sampling

A

Volume, flow rate, & velocity meters

75
Q

2 most common primary standards of air sample calibrator

A

soap bubble and frictionless piston meter

76
Q

Short duration samples usually less than 5 minutes. Used to evaluate peak or ceiling concentrations

A

Grab samples

77
Q

Used to determine a worker’s TWA or STEL exposure to a particular substance by collecting one or more personal samples during a particular task

A

Integrated air sampling

CRSP (2 decks)

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