Occlusion Test 1: SLIDES 1-9

Question 1

Slide 1: Introduction to Occlusion

Criteria for Optimum Functional Occlusion
Key Anatomical Landmarks:

Craniomandibular apparatus:
(Fill in the blank)
The _________ ( majority or entire) cranial-mandibular complex that encompasses the articulation of the teeth and the surrounding structures that produce and _______________(limit or allow) movement.

Answer 1

Craniomandibular apparatus:
(Fill in the blank)

The ENTIRE cranial-mandibular complex that encompasses the articulation of the teeth and the surrounding structures that produce and LIMIT movement.

Question 2

Slide 1: Introduction to Occlusion

Criteria for Optimum Functional Occlusion
Key Anatomical Landmarks:

Temporal Bone: 
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (portion or all) of this bone forms the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ( list two fossa) fossa. The shape of this fossa determines many of the LIMITS of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (maxillary or mandibular) movement.

Answer 2

Temporal Bone:

A PORTION of this bone forms the GLENOID or MANDIBULAR FOSSA. The shape of this fossa determines many of the LIMITS of MANDIBULAR movement.

Question 3

Slide 1: Introduction to Occlusion

Criteria for Optimum Functional Occlusion
Key Anatomical Landmarks:

Mandible:
a moveable structure which is suspended by __________ and whose movement is ________ (limited or not limited) by ____________ (ligaments or tendon).

Answer 3

Mandible:

a moveable structure which is suspended by MUSCULATURE and whose movement is LIMITED by LIGAMENTS.

Question 4

Slide 1: Introduction to Occlusion

Criteria for Optimum Functional Occlusion
Key Anatomical Landmarks:

Condyle:

The portion of the __________ (maxilla or mandible) that ARTICULATES into the _________ (maxilla or mandibular fossa). There is a right and left condyle, about which movement of the mandible occurs. The shape of the ___________( heads or necks) of the condyles determine many of the LIMITS of mandibular movement. The ____________ (maxilla or mandible) is the only bone in the human body that posses _________ (two or three) axes of rotation.

Answer 4

Condyle:

The portion of the MANDIBLE that ARTICULATES into the MANDIBLE FOSSA. There is a right and left condyle, about which movement of the mandible occurs. The shape of the HEADS of the condyles determine many of the LIMITS of mandibular movement. The MANDIBLE is the only bone in the human body that posses TWO axes of rotation.

Question 5

Slide 1: Introduction to Occlusion

Criteria for Optimum Functional Occlusion
Key Anatomical Landmarks:

Dentition:

What three factors of the teeth determine many of the LIMITS of mandibular movements.
The role of the dentition is considered to be __________(primary or secondary) TO THE ROLE OF MUSCLES, LIGAMENTS and the bony structures which comprise the temporomandibular joint.

Answer 5

Dentition:

The SIZE, SHAPE and ALIGNMENT of the teeth determine many of the limits of mandibular movements.

The role of the dentition is considered to be SECONDARY TO THE ROLE OF MUSCLES, LIGAMENTS and the bony structures which comprise the temporomandibular joint.

Question 6

Slide 2: Basic Structures of the Temporomandibular Joint

• The mandibular or glenoid fossa is comprised of TWO bones (______________ and ___________), of which a ______________(bone or non-bony) __________ disc is INTERPOSED between them.
• The articular eminence is constructed entirely by the _____________ (temporal or mandible bone) and has two sections: What are they?

Answer 6

• The mandibular or glenoid fossa is comprised of TWO bones ( TEMPORTAL and MANDIBLE), of which a NON-BONY ARTICULAR disc is INTERPOSED between them.
• The articular eminence is constructed entirely by the TEMPORAL and has two sections: 1) POSTERIOR SLOPE, 2) INFERIOR BORDER.

Question 7

Slide 2: Basic Structures of the Temporomandibular Joint

– The angle of the articular eminence (__________ or ___________: two factors associated with angle of the articular eminence) will guide ___________ (all or most) mandibular movement

– The synovial cavities will provide what two things?

Answer 7

– The angle of the articular eminence (STEEPNESS or FLATNESS) will guide ALL mandibular movement.

• • The synovial cavities will provide for:
    1) JOINT LUBRICATION
    2) BOUNDARY LUBRICATION from motion.

Question 8

Slide 3: Two Accessory Ligaments: Stylomandibular & Sphenomandibular Ligaments

The stylomandibular ligament limits what type of movement? Is it of the maxilla or mandible

The sphenomandibular ligament limits what type of movement? On which side?

Answer 8

1) The stylomandibular ligament limits EXCESSIVE PROTRUSIVE movement of the mandible.

2) The sphenomandibular ligament plays a role of limiting:
- - Protrusive movement and lateral mandibular movement to either the right or left side.

Question 9

Slide 3: Two Accessory Ligaments: Stylomandibular & Sphenomandibular Ligaments

The view of these two accessory ligaments can only be seen at what view?

Answer 9

View of the MEDIAL portion of the RIGHT MANDIBLE of the sagittal view.

Question 10

Slide 4: Limitation of Movement with Temporomandibular Ligament

The position of the temporomandibular ligament is designed to limit what type movement of the mandible?

Answer 10

— The position of the temporomandibular ligament is designed to limit the PURE HINGE AXIS ROTATIONAL movement of the mandible.

Question 11

Slide 4: Limitation of Movement with Temporomandibular Ligament

– The full length of the temporomandibular ligament occurs at NO MORE than ________ mm of __________ (opening or closing), as measured between the ___________ (incisal or mesial edges) of the maxillary and mandibular incisors.

– The temporomandibular ligament has a _________ (what point?) at this ______ mm of opening at which the movement of the mandible , which is classified as ____________ (translation or translocation), then commences.

Answer 11

The full length of the temporomandibular ligament occurs at NO MORE than 15-20mm of opening, as measured between the INCISAL EDGES of the maxillary and mandibular incisors.

– The temporomandibular ligament has a PIVOT POINT at this 15-20mm of opening at which the the movement of the mandible, which is classified a TRANSLATION, then COMMENCES.
(where condbyle comes out of fossa).

Question 12

Slide 5: The Temporomandibular or Articular Disc

• • It consists of what kind of tissue?
• • It interfaces between what two bone?
• • It is somewhat _____________ (pliable or hard) in texture.

Answer 12

• • It consists of FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• • It interfaces between the MANDIBLE and the TEMPORAL BONE
• • It is somewhat PLIABLE in texture

Question 13

Slide 5: The Temporomandibular or Articular Disc

• • What kind of shape is this articular disc?
• • List the ligament that attaches it to the CONDYLE and in what sort of position
• • Does it have any innervation
• • Does it have an vascularization

Answer 13

• • It is BI-CONCAVE in shape
• • COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS attach it to the condyle in a MEDIAL and LATERAL position
• • It DOES NOT have any innervation
• • It DOES NOT have any VASCULARIZATION

Question 14

SLIDE 6: MUSCLES of MASTICATION: Actions and Purposes

1) Produce _________ (smooth or rough) movement in _______ (bi-directional or a variety of directions.
2) Movement is __________ (not limited or limited) by _________( nonstrategically or strategically) placed ligamentous structures
3) Bony structures are _________, ________, and sometimes ____________ of movement driven by the musculature.

Answer 14

1) Produce SMOOTH movement in a variety of directions.
2) Movement is LIMITED by STRATEGICALLY placed ligamentous structures
3) Bony structures are STARTING, GUIDING, and sometimes END POINTS of movement driven by the musculature.

Question 15

SLIDE 6: MUSCLES of MASTICATION: Actions and Purposes

4) Normal craniomandibular activity _________ (does or does not) cause SPASMS
5) Occlusal interferences or premature occlusal contact _________ (may, always, or never) lead to spasms.
6) List the three movement that are the most notable types of movement that the muscles need to produce
7) The muscles are the MAIN driver of the _____________ apparatus

Answer 15

4) Normal craniomandibular activity DOES NOT cause spasms
5) Occlusal interferences or premature occlusal contact MAY lead to spasms
6) OPENING, CLOSING and LATERAL movement are the most notable types of movement that the muscles need to produce
7) The muscles are the main driver for the craniomandibular apparatus

Question 16

SLIDE 6: MUSCLES of MASTICATION: Actions and Purposes

8) There are _________(#) main muscles of mastication (collectively called the muscles of mastication) and several other ______________ or _____________ (not main muscles) muscles of mastication.
9) (T/F) It is important to differentiate between NORMAL FUNCTION and PARAFUNCTIONAL activities.

Answer 16

8) There are FOUR main muscles of mastication (collectively called the muscles of mastication) and several other ACCESSORY or SUPPLEMENTAL muscles of mastication.
9) TRUE: It is important to differentiate between NORMAL FUNCTION and PARAFUNCTIONAL activities.

Question 17

SLIDE 7: TEMPORALIS

ACTION OF THE TEMPORALIS:

1) ______________ (elevate or depress) the mandible in a ____________ (superior or inferior) direction to eventually contact the maxillary teeth.
2) ________ or __________ (retracts or retrudes, or retracts or protrude) the mandible
- - This helps seat the condyles into what fossa?
3) Positions the mandible to obtain __________ (centric or eccentric) relation.
4) Causes ______________ ( list the parafunctional activity) of the teeth to occur when the muscle is ____________ (relaxed or overused)
5) Is NOT normally involved with producing _______________ (vertical or lateral) movement of the mandible.

Answer 17

ACTION OF THE TEMPORALIS:

1) ELEVATE the mandible in a SUPERIOR direction to eventually contact the maxillary teeth.
2) RETRACTS or RETRUDES the mandible
- - This helps seat the condyles into the MANDIBULAR FOSSA.
3) Positions the mandible to obtain CENTRIC relation.
4) Causes CLENCHING of the teeth to occur when the muscle is OVERUSED.
5) Is NOT normally involved with producing LATERAL movement of the mandible.

They are all NORMAL functional activity except number 4.

Question 18

SLIDE 8: MEDIAL PTERYGOID

ACTIONS OF THE MEDIAL PTERYGOID:

1) ______________ (elevate or depress) the mandible in a ____________ (superior or inferior) direction to eventually contact the maxillary teeth.
2) T/F: Is the PRIMARY muscle involved in PROTRUSIVE movement.
3) Produces __________ (mediotrusive or laterotrusive movement).
4) T/F: The medial pterygoid is the PRIMARY muscle to produce mediotrusive movement.
5) A __________ (minor or main) player in CLENCHING of the teeth.

Answer 18

ACTIONS OF THE MEDIAL PTERYGOID:

1) ELEVATE the mandible in a SUPERIOR direction to eventually contact the maxillary teeth.
2) FALSE: It AIDS in PROTRUSIVE movement.
3) Produces MEDIOTRUSIVE movement.
4) TRUE: The medial pterygoid is the PRIMARY muscle to produce mediotrusive movement.
5) A MINOR player in CLENCHING of the teeth.

Question 19

SLIDE 9: LATERAL PTERYGOID– INFERIOR HEAD

Actions of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle:

1) It is active during ___________ (closing of opening) movement of the mandible.
2) It is the primary muscle of mastication involved with ____________ (protrusive or retrusive movement).
3) It is the primary muscle of mastication that produces __________ (rotational or lateral movements)
4) It is the ___________ (least or most) frequent muscle of mastication to exhibit a SPASM as a result of some type of occlusal dysfunction.
5) This muscle of mastication is so ____________( superficial or deep) in placement, that it ___________( can or cannot) be palpated by the clinician.

Answer 19

Actions of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle:

1) It is active during OPENING movement of the mandible.
2) It is the primary muscle of mastication involved with PROTRUSIVE movement.
3) It is the primary muscle of mastication that produces LATERAL movements.
4) It is the MOST frequent muscle of mastication to exhibit a SPASM as a result of some type of occlusal dysfunction.
5) This muscle of mastication is so DEEP in placement, that it CANNOT be palpated by the clinician.