Occlusion Handouts Flashcards by Secret acc

The skull is composed of ______ bones. Some of these are ______ and some are ______.

Group into 2 categories: one group surrounds the ______ and one group forms the ______

22, single, paired

grain, face

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The following 8 bones make up the neurocranium - the bones surrounding the brain:

Frontal bone (single)
Sphenoid bone (single)
Ethmoid bone (single)
Occipital bone (single)
Temporal bone (paired)
Parietal bone (paired)

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PAIRED BONES:

-maxillae
-palatines
-inferio nasal conchae
-nasals
-lacrimals
-zygomatics
-temporals
-parietals

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SINGLE/UNPAIRED BONES:

-mandible
-vomer
-ethmoid
-frontal
-sphenoid
-occipital

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______
-entire upper jaw

MAXILLAE

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______
-contributes to the formation of the upper portion of the face, nose, orbits and hard palate

MAXILLAE

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______
-makes up the floor of the nose

PALATAL BONE

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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Muscles of mastication move the mandible
They include 4 pairs of muscles:

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

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There are five different ways the mandible moves:

elevate
depress
retrude
protrude
lateral excursions

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______
- fan-shaped, large but flat muscle with both vertical anterior (and middle) fibers and more horizontal posterior fibers

TEMPORALIS MUSCLE

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TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
INNERVATION:

temporal branches of the mandibular division of the 5th nerve

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TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
ORIGIN:

arises from the entire temporal fossa which comprised of the squamous part of temporal bones and the greater wing of the sphenoid bones and the adjacent portions of the frontal and parietal bones

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TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
INSERTION: ______

inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible

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TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
ACTION:

anterior and middle vertical fibers - elevation of the mandible
posterior fibers - retraction of the mandible

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______
-located on the medial surface of the ramus

MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE

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______
-it is active during protrusion

MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE

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MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
INNERVATION:

nerve vagus

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MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
ORIGIN:

arises mainly from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the pterygoid fossa between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates on the sphenoid bone

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MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
INSERTION:

inserts on the medial surface of the mandible in a triangular region at the angle and on the superior adjacent portions of the ramus just above the angle

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MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
ACTION:

elevates the mandible and for lateral positioning of the mandible

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______
-largest, most superficial, bulky and powerful of the muscles of mastication

MASSETER MUSCLE

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MASSETER MUSCLE
ORIGIN:

arises from the inferior and medial surfaces of the zygomatic bone, the zygomatic process of the maxillae, and the temporal process of zygomatic bone. From here it extends inferiorly and posteriorly towards its insertion

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MASSETER MUSCLE
INSERTION:

inserts on the inferior lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

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MASSETER MUSCLE
ACTION:

elevates the mandible and applies great power in crushing food

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______ -has the fibers aligned most horizontally

LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE

______ -short, thick somewhat conical muscle located deep in the infrate poral fossa and is the prime mover of the mandible

LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE

LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE ORIGIN:

arise from two heads, both located on the sphenoid bone Superior head - smaller, attached to the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Active during various jaw-closing movements only, such as chewing Inferior head - large, attached to the adjacent lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate on the sphenoid bone. Active during the jaw-closing movements and protrusion only.

LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE INSERTION:

inserts on the depression on the front neck of the condyloid process called the pterygoid fovea, and into the anterior margin of the articular disc.

LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE ACTION:

protrude the mandible depress the mandible contralateral abduction. when only one lateral pterygoid contracts, it pulls the condyle on that side medialward and anteriorly, moving the body of the mandible and its teet toward the opposite side.

SUPRAHYOID:

-geniohyoid -mylohoid -stylohyoid -digastric

INFRAHYOID:

-sternohyoid -thyrohyoid -sternothyroid -omohyoid

______ or ______ is the connection two separate parts of the skeleton

joint, articulation

______ / ______ - articulation between the mandible and two temporal bones

craniomandibular, temporomandibular joint

3 articulating parts of the temporomandibular joint:

1. mandibular condyle 2. articular fossa and articular eminence(tubercle) of the temporal bone 3. articular disc

The meniscus has three parts:

1. anterior band 2. intermediate band 3. posterior band

The meniscus has three parts: ______ - is the thinner anterior segment which is continuous with the ligament fibers of lateral pterygoid muscles

anterior band

The meniscus has three parts: ______ - is the connecting part of anterior and posterior bands

intermediate band

The meniscus has three parts: ______ - is the thickened part (bilaminar area) consisting of upper stratum which is attached to the temporal bone and the lower stratum which is attached to the condyle on its medial and lateral borders

posterior band

______ - sometimes referred to as the capsular ligament

Fibrous capsule/articular capsule

______ - is a sheet, sac, or tube of tissue that encloses the joint like a tube

Fibrous capsule/articular capsule

The fibrous capsule is composed of two layers:

a. Inner layer (synovial membrane) b. Outer layer

The fibrous capsule is composed of two layers: ______ - lines the fibrous capsule. This is a thin layer of tissue that secretes a fluid, ______, that lubricates the joint. The synovial fluid is a dialysate of blood plasma containing ______ and ______ and is a clear, yellowish and viscous fluid.

Inner layer (synovial membrane), synovia, globulin, mucin

The fibrous capsule is composed of two layers: ______ - is thickened on its lateral border to form the temporomandibular ligament

Outer layer

______ are slightly elastic bands of tissue. They support and confine the movement of the mandible to protect muscle from being stretched beyond their capabilities

Ligaments

Ligaments that support the joint:

a. Capsular ligament b. Temporomandibular ligament c. Stylomandibular ligament d. Sphenomandibular ligament

Temporomandibular joint is described as ______

ginglymo-arthrodial joint

______ (hinge joint) the manner of movement takes place on one plane

Ginglymus

______ is one in which the principal movement is gliding.

Arthrodial

Two types of movements:

1. Gliding type 2. Hinge type

Two types of movements: ______ - occurs between the articular disc and the articular surface of the temporal bone

Gliding type

Two types of movements: ______ - occurs between the inferior surface of the anterior disc and the head of the condyle

Hinge type

______ - refers to the contact relationships of the teeth resulting from neuromuscular control of the masticatory system. It is when the teeth in the mandibular arch come in contact with the teeth in the maxillary arch in a functional relationship

Occlusion

Keys to Occlusion A. Molar Relationship the ______ surface of the ______ of the maxillary 1st permanent molar contacts and occludes with the ______ surface of the ______ of the mandibular 2nd permanent molar

distal, distal marginal ridge, mesial, mesial marginal ridge

Keys to Occlusion A. Molar Relationship The ______ cusp of the maxillary 1st molar falls within the groove between the ______ and ______ cusps of the mandibular 1st permanent molars

mesiobuccal, mesial, middle

Keys to Occlusion A. Molar Relationship The ______ cusp of the maxillary 1st molar seats in the ______ fossa of the mandibular 1st molar

mesiolingual, central

Keys to Occlusion B. Rotations - Teeth should be free of ______

undesirable rotations

Keys to Occlusion C. Tight Contacts - In the absence of such abnormalities such as general ______ discrepancies, contact points should be ______

tooth size, tight

Keys to Occlusion D. Curve of Spee - A ______ should be a treatment goal. Measured from the most prominent of the ______ to the ______

flat occlusal plane, mandibular 2nd molar, mandibular central incisor

Keys to Occlusion E. Dental Arch Formation - In both dental arches, the alignment of teeth follows a ______

parabolic curve

Keys to Occlusion E. Dental Arch Formation - Usually the maxillary arch is ______ than mandibular arch resulting in the ______ cusps overlapping the ______ cusps when the arches are in maximal occlusal contact

larger, maxillary, mandibular

Keys to Occlusion:

A. Molar Relationship B. Rotations C. Tight Contacts D. Curve of Spee E. Dental Arch Formation

Purposes of contact relation between teeth of the same dental arch:

1. It protect the gingival papilla in the interproximal spaces, thereby avoiding periodontal involvement which could be destructive 2. The collective activity of all teeth in contact "shoulder to shoulder" stabilizes each tooth in the dental arch

Compensating Curvatures of the Dental Arches:

1. Bonwill Equilateral Triangle 2. Curve of Spee 3. Curve of Wilson 4. Curve of Monsoon

Compensating Curvatures of the Dental Arches: ______ - the angles of the triangle are placed at the center of each condyle and at the mesial contact areas of the mandibular central incisors

Bonwill Equilateral Triangle

Compensating Curvatures of the Dental Arches: ______ - a curve alignment observed at the cusps & incisal ridges of the teeth as seen from the point opposite the 1st molars. Antero-posterior relation of the teeth viewed from the lateral aspect

Curve of Spee

Compensating Curvatures of the Dental Arches: ______ - it is the curvature established by the tilting of the mandibular posteriors making the maxillary arch convex and the mandibular arch concave as one views the arches from the front

Curve of Wilson

Compensating Curvatures of the Dental Arches: ______ - the mandibular arch adapts its occlusal surfaces to the curved surface of a segment of a sphere of a 4 inch radius

Curve of Monsoon