Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Occlusion > Occlusion Exam 1 > Flashcards

Occlusion Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

“The static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth analogues” is the definition of

A

Occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“The static and dynamic contact relationship between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth during function” is the definition of

A

Articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of movement that the mandible can perform?

A

Rotational
Translational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define rotational movement

A

Turning around an axis
movement of a body about its axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define translational movement

A

All points within a body have a identical movement (same direction and speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many axes of rotation are there?

A

3 axes of rotation
1. Horizontal
2. Sagittal
3. Vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Horizontal axis is perpendicular to the _______ plane

A

Sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The sagittal plane runs perpendicular to the plan of _____

A

Frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vertical axis is perpendicular to the plan of ____

A

horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pure rotation of the mandible is limited to about ______

A

20-25 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The mandible can rotate around the ________ that runs through both condyles and ________ to the sagittal plane

A

The mandible can rotate around the HORIZONTAL AXIS that runs through both condyles and PERPENDICULAR to the sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pure rotation takes place between the _______ and the ______

A

condylar process and articular disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The mandible translates _____ and _____ during protrusion or if the opening is greater than ~20-25

A

Downward and forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Translation takes place between the _____ and the _____

A

Between the disc and the glenoid fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: Translation and rotation occur simultaneously

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F
Movement of the mandible occurs in three planes simultaneously

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False
Axis of rotation is horizontal to the plane of movement

A

False
Axis of rotation is PERPENDICULAR to the plane of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In a right lateral movement, the right condyle is referred to as

A

the working condyle

(working, rotating, functional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a right lateral movement, the left condyle is referred to as

A

The balancing condyle

(balancing. non-working, non-functional, orbiting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False
In a right lateral movement, laterotrusion is occurring on the balancing condyle

A

False
Right lateral movement means right condyle is working and left condyle is balancing

Laterotrusion is the lateral translation of the condyle on the working side, in this case the right condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Movement that is taking place on the non-working condyle is known as _____

A

Mediotrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define mediotrusion

A

medial translation of the nonworking condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference between border movement and functional movement

A

Border movement describes movements of the mandible in the outer range of motion, they are reproducible describable limits

Functional movement are all the movements that fall within the other range of mandibular movement, they are not reproducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference between border movement and functional movement

A

Border movement describes movements of the mandible in the outer range of motion, they are reproducible describable limits

Functional movement are all the movements that fall within the other range of mandibular movement, they are not reproducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or False

Functional movement is reproducible

A

False

Border movement is reproducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When in CR, the mandible can only perform protrusive movement

A

False.

When in CR, the mandible is restricted to pure rotational movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A maxillomandibular relationship, independent of tooth contact, in which the condyles articulate in the anterior-superior position against the posterior sloped of the articular eminence

Is the definition of

A

Centric Relation (CR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

From CR, what kind of mandibular movements can the patient make

A

From CR, the patient can make vertical, lateral, or protrusive movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or False

CR is dependent on tooth contact

A

false

It is a jaw position, not tooth contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define maximal intercuspal position (MIP)

A

the complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is it possible for the mandible to be in CR and the teeth to be in MIP simultaneously?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define Centric Occlusion (CO)

A

The occlusion of opposing teeth when the mandible is in centric relation

CO may or may not coincide with MIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T or F
In most individuals, CO is the same as MIP

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define Initial point of contact

A

The first or initial contact of opposing teeth during closure of the mandible when in CR.
Usually on mesial inclines of maxillary teeth and distal inclines of mandibular teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What incline is IPC usually one in
1. mandibular teeth
2. maxillary teeth

A

IPC on maxillary teeth: mesial inclines

IPC on mandibular teeth: distal inclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The movement of the mandible while in CR from the initial point of contact into MIP is called the _____

A

centric slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Centric slide has an ______ and ______ direction. This is dictated by the contour of the IPC

A

Centric slide has an anterior and superior direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Horizontal overlap (HO)=

A

overjet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Vertical overlap (VO)=

A

overbite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Guidance of the mandible from the incisors when the mandible moved in a protruded position from MIP is known as

A

Incisial guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What features determine incisal guidance?

A
  1. The horizontal overlap and vertical overlap of anterior teeth
  2. shape of lingual concavity of the maxillary anterior teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The path of the mandible to the maximum protrusive position is the ______

A

maximum protrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Define Maximum mandibular opening

A

The path from the maximum protrusive position to the maximum opening of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Define vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO)
also known as “occlusal vertical dimension”

A

Distance between two selected anatomic or marked points when in maximal intercuspal position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Define vertical dimension of rest (VDR)

A

Postural position of the mandible when an individual is resting comfortable in an upright position and the associated muscles are in a state of minimal contractual activity

-also known as “physiological rest position”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

VDR-VDO=

A

Freeway space
or interocclusal rest distance

Its the difference between the vertical dimension of rest and the occlusal vertical dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the envelope of motion?

A

-The three dimensional representation of mandibular border movements
-represents the maximum range of movement of the mandible

also known as Posselt’s envelope of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Functional movements take place within the borders of the _________

A

envelope of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What does determinants of mandibular movement mean?

A

The anatomic structures in the patient that dictate pattern of mandibular movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Describe the characteristics of posterior determinants of mandibular movement

A
  1. The anatomic characteristics of left and right TMJ’s
  2. Usually fixed in a healthy patient
  3. Can be altered under certain conditions (trauma, pathology, surgical procedure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Describe the characteristics of anterior determinants of mandibular movement

A
  1. Anatomy of anterior teeth and their relationship
  2. Variable determinant
  3. Can be altered by dental procedures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

List the actual posterior determinants of mandibular movement

A
  1. intercondylar distance
  2. Angle of articular eminences (condylar guidance)
  3. Immediate side shift
  4. Progressive side shift
  5. Bennett movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

List the anterior determinant of mandibular movement

A

Incisal guidance

53
Q

Describe three things about intercondylar distance

A
  1. Its the distance between the rotational centers of two condyles
  2. measured in mm in the horizontal plane and is on average 110 mm. Its a fixed measure in healthy patients
  3. The anatomic structures that dictate this distance are the left and right condyles and the distance from each other
54
Q

What is the angle of articular eminence?

A

-also called condylar guidance
-the mandibular guidance generated by the condyle and articular disc transversing the contour of the articular eminence
-measured in degrees in the sagittal plane
-affects PROTRUSIVE mandibular movement
-shape and steepness of the articular eminence dictate this determinant

55
Q

Immediate side shift is a posterior determinant or an anterior determinant?

A

Posterior

56
Q

What is immediate side shift

A
  1. Also known as immediate mandibular lateral translation
  2. Its the translation portion of the lateral movement seen in the NON WORKING condyle
  3. Essentially a straight line medially
57
Q

What is progressive side shift?

A
  1. Its the measure of the forward movement of the non-working side condyle
    - Measured in degrees and is called the BENNETT ANGLE
  2. Average value is 6-8 degrees
58
Q

Bennett angle is measured on the ________ plane and is formed by the ANTERIOR-MEDIAL path of the _________ condyle as it leaves _______ and the sagittal plane.

A

Bennett angle is measured on the horizontal plane and is formed by the anterior-medial path of the NONWORKING condyle as it leaves CR and the sagittal plane

59
Q

What anatomic structure dictates progressive side shift?

A

Angle of medial wall of the articular fossa

60
Q

Progressive side shift affects the mandibular path during a _______ movement

protrusive or lateral

A

lateral

61
Q

What is Bennett movement?

A

The movement that takes place on the WORKING CONDYLE during lateral movements

62
Q

Bennett movement takes place due to the combined effect of ____________ and ____________

A

immediate side shift and progressive side shift

63
Q

What anatomic structures dictate Bennett movement?

A
  1. Laxity of temporomandibular ligament on the working side
  2. Proximity of medial wall to balancing condyle
64
Q

In an articulator, the upper member represents the

A

The maxilla and temporal bone

65
Q

The lower member represents the

A

mandible

66
Q

In an articulator, what feature represents the teeth?

A

The incisal table

67
Q

The condyle elements of an articulator are located on the

A

lower member

68
Q

How is intercondylar distance distance measured on an articulator

A

Measure the distance between the two rotational centers of the condyle elements and divide by 2

69
Q

In the whipmix articulator, the intercondylar distance is (fixed or unfixed) and measures _______

A

fixed
110/2=55

70
Q

In the upper member, the left and right fossae elements represent the _______

A

Squamous portion of the temporal bone

*Fossae elements are adjustable

71
Q

In an articulator, each fossa element has a ______, _____, and _______

A

medial, posterior, and superior wall

72
Q

Medial wall angulation and distance from the balancing condyle affects the path of the mandible during __________ movement

A

lateral

73
Q

Balancing side medial wall angulation dictates _______

A

progressive side shift

74
Q

Balancing side medial wall distance from the condyle dictates the _______

A

immediate side shift

75
Q

What is the immediate side shift value in the whip mix articulator?

A

zero

76
Q

The superior wall of the articulator represents the _____

A

articular eminence

77
Q

Is the angulation of the articular eminence adjustable in the whipmix articulator?

A

Yes

This is also called the condylar guidance angle

78
Q

True or false
In a patient, the articular eminence makes direct contact with the condyle as it does on the whipmix articulator.

A

False
In a patient the articular eminence does not make contact with the condyle but it DOES in the articulator

79
Q

The posterior wall of the fossa element in the articulator represents the ______

A

The wall posterior to the glenoid fossa in patient

80
Q

In both the patient and the articulator, the posterior wall contacts the condyle as a mechanical stop

A

False.

Only in the articulator does the posterior wall contact the condyle element

In patients, there is a space between the condyle and the posterior wall.

81
Q

What feature of the articulator interlocks the upper and lower members and holds the mounted casts

A

The centric latch

82
Q

When the centric latch is engaged, what movements can be done? What movements can be down if the centric latch is not engaged?

A

Engaged: opening and closing movements

Non-engaged: opening, closing, lateral, and protrusive movements

83
Q

Describe a Hinge articulator

A

small, nonadjustable, only capable of opening and closing

Results in premature contacts because the distance between tooth and hinge closure is small

84
Q

Which type of articulator is used most for routine fixed prosthesis?

A

Semi-adjustable articulators

84
Q

Which type of articulator is used most for routine fixed prosthesis?

A

Semi-adjustable articulators

85
Q

Semi adjustable articulators can be divided into arcon and nonarcon. What are the differences between the two?

A

Arcon: condyle elements are attached to the lower member and mechanical fossae are attached to the upper. Angulation of mechanical fossae is fixed. Anatomically correct

Nonarcon: Condyle elements attached to upper member. FOP angle can change

86
Q

True or False: At the start of a left or right lateral movement, the condyle elements will touch all three walls of the fossa elements

A

True

87
Q

At the end of the path

The working condyle element maintains contact with which wall(s)?

The balancing condyle element maintains contact with which wall(s)?

A

Working condyle element: contact with superior and posterior wall

Balancing: medial and superior wall

88
Q

Mounting casts is a fundamental skill for

A
  1. treatment planning
  2. Diagnostic wax ups
  3. Working casts
89
Q

Indications for mounted Dx casts

A
  1. not enough teeth to hand articulate
  2. Exaggerated CR slide
  3. Interfering contacts
  4. occlusal surface wax ups
  5. Incisal guidance wax ups
  6. Plane of occlusion discrepancies
90
Q

Did the mounted PKT casts we did in class had anterior slide

A

No

In class, our casts MI=CR with no anterior slide

91
Q

Prior to mounting:
1. Set condylar guides to ______ degrees
2. Set Progressive side shift to _____ degrees

A

Condylar guides: 30 degrees

Progressive side shift: 10 degrees

92
Q

Maxillary PKT cast will be placed on the _____ to hold it in position

A

Index

93
Q

The most accurate method of mounting casts in MI is by __________

A

hand articulating the mandibular cast in MI

94
Q

For which step of mounting a PKT cast do you have to invert the articulator?

A

When mounting the mandibular cast.

95
Q

What are the 4 ways you can verify the accuracy of your mounting?

A
  1. No CR should be present, casts should close exactly to MI
  2. Contact of both condyles with their back and top walls
  3. Contact of teeth in MI
  4. Contact of the incisal pin
96
Q

Why is the subtractive technique used?

A

To create a wax up with contacts in maximum intercuspation

97
Q

T or F
Wax should be cool and dull for smush

A

F.
Wax should be heated but dull

98
Q

After the smush, the impression of which 2 teeth were created on #29 and #30?

A

Impression of #3 and #4

99
Q

Looking at the smush, which areas of the wax will be cusps and which areas will be fossae?

A

High areas of wax will be the cusps

Low areas will be fossae

100
Q

Looking at the smush, why is there overflow of wax on the lingual?

A

Because those cusps are not in contact with the opposing teeth

101
Q

What’s the outline form of #29 and #30

A

29 = square

#30 = pentagon

102
Q

If there is an interference during working movement when checking your contacts, what should you do

A

Remove the interference on the periphery of the contact TOWARD the movement

103
Q

What’s the significance of occlusal relationships?

A
  1. Affects basic activities like chewing
  2. Important in maintaining tooth alignment and arch integrity
  3. Proper relationship during rest and function protects soft tissue
104
Q

Describe the ideal static occlusal relationship for posterior teeth

A

Posterior teeth:

Bucco-lingual alignment: Buccal cusps of post. mandibular teeth occlude with maxillary central fossa. Lingual cusps of maxillary teeth occlude along central fossa of mandibular teeth. Solid contacts present in MIP

Mesio-distal alignment: Cusp-fossa articulation scheme or cusp-marginal ridge articulation scheme

105
Q

Describe the ideal static occlusal relationship for anterior teeth

A

Maxillary teeth overlap the mandibular teeth and contact lightly

106
Q

What are the centric cusp (Buccal or lingual) in mandibular and maxillary posterior teeth

A

Maxillary: Lingual cusp is centric cusp

Mandibular: Buccal cusp is centric cusp

107
Q

Define cusp-fossa articulation

A

An occlusal arrangement where the maxillary and mandibular centric cusps articulate with the opposing fossae in MIP

108
Q

Where does contact take place in an ideal static occlusal relationship in anterior teeth?

A

Contact takes place between incisal edges of mandibular anteriors and lingual fossa of maxillary anteriors

109
Q

True or False: contacts between posteriors are lighter than contacts between posteriors

A

False.
Contacts between anteriors are lighter

110
Q

What feature of anterior teeth does not favor heavy occlusal forces?

A

Anterior teeth slight labial inclination

111
Q

Define mutually protected articulation:

A

An occlusal scheme in which the posterior teeth prevent excessive contact of the anterior teeth in MIP and the anterior teeth disengage the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movements

112
Q

Which teeth (posterior or anterior) contact more heavily during MIP

A

Posterior contact is heavier in MIP

113
Q

Define excursive movement

A

movement occuring when the mandible moves away from the maximal intercuspal position (MIP)

114
Q

Describe ideal articulation during a laterotrusive movement

A

Ideal: Canine guidance provides disclusion of posterior teeth

Acceptable: Group function provides some disclusion of posterior teeth

115
Q

Describe ideal articulation during a protrusive movement

A

Anterior guidance provides disclusion of posterior teeth

116
Q

Define canine guidance

A

form of mutually protected articulation in which the vertical and horizontal overlap of the canine teeth disclude the posterior teeth in the excursive movements of the mandible

117
Q

What is the most ideal articulation scheme in laterotrusive movements

A

Canine guidance

Why? canines have the longest and largest roots surrounding the bone

only about 26% of pop have ideal

118
Q

Define group function

A

multiple contact relations between the maxillary and mandibular teeth in lateral movements on the working side and at the same time contact of several teeth act as a group to distribute occlusal forces

119
Q

Another term for group function is

A

unilaterally balanced occlusion

120
Q

What does the most desirable group function consist of

A

canine, premolars, and sometime the MB cusp of first molar

121
Q

True or false:
Incidence of group function increases as people get older

A

True. This is due to increased canine wear over time

122
Q

True or False:
In protrusive movement, contacts should be present between posterior teeth

A

FALSE.
In protrusive movement, no contacts should be present between posterior teeth

123
Q

Describe the ideal articulation in protrusive movement

A

Contacts predominantly between incisal edges and labial edges of mandibular incisors and lingual fossa areas of the maxillary incisors

124
Q

What kind of force placed on teeth can be damaging to tooth and surrounding structures?

A

Horizontal forces are not effectively dissipated to the bone by the pdl

*force applied vertically is well dissipated to bone and PDL

125
Q

The process of directing occlusal forces through the long axis of the tooth is what force

A

Axial loading

Can be achieved by
1. Point contact against a flat plane
2. Bipod contact against opposing inclined planes
3. Tripod contact

126
Q

When is point contact against a flat surface acceptable?

A

If the force applied is within the perimeter

127
Q

Define bipod axially loading contacts

A

A bipod contact against two opposing incline planes.

128
Q

What is the most stable occlusal contact?

A

Three contact points for each centric cusp. Tripod contact where each cusp contacts an opposing fossa such that it is produces three contacts surrounding the cusp tip

129
Q

Clinically where is tripod contact seen?

A

In a cusp-fossa relationship

130
Q

Is a bipod contact against opposing incline planes that result in a force that is not parallel to the long ais of the tooth a bad or ideal

A

This is bad, this would be a non-axially loading.

Occlusion (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions