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ORAL BIOLOGY MEDTERM OCCLUSION > OCCLUSION > Flashcards

OCCLUSION Flashcards

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1
Q

what is occlusion?

A

the contact relationship between the maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth when the jaws are in a fully closed position, as well as the relationship between the teeth in the same arch. It develops with primary teeth

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2
Q

what factors are involved in occlusion?

A

associated musculature, neuromuscular patterns, TMJ functioning, and different habit pattern such as mouth breathing tongue thrusting etc.

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3
Q

are properly aligned teeth relatively self cleansing?

A

yes

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4
Q

what do teeth out of alignment effect?

A

the function of teeth and the periodontium, the teeth and periodontium can withstand a lot of stress but excessive stress from parafunctional habits, malaignment (genetics) , and injury results in microscopic changes in the periodontium and aids in periodontitis so dental treatment must consider this

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5
Q

what is normal occlusion?

A

it includes 138 occlusal contacts for permanent dentition with 32 teeth this occlusion is rare but should be considered in all treatment plans, but realistically use centric occlusion as standard

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6
Q

what is centric occlusion?

A

or habitual occlusion is the voluntary position of the dentition that allows the maximum contact when the teeth occlude

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7
Q

do most people have discrepancies in centric occlusion?

A

yes, most people have discrepancies between maxilla and mandible or TMJ

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8
Q

in centric occlusion all teeth occlude with 2 teeth in opposing arch expect which teeth?

A

except mandibular centrals and maxillary third molars

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9
Q

what does occluding prevent?

A

supraeruption of teeth, or teeth that continue to grow and overtime tipping occurs (mesial drift)

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10
Q

what is overjet?

A

the amount the maxillary teeth overhang (horizontally) to the mandibular teeth (how far front teeth go over bottom teeth)

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11
Q

how is overjet measured?

A

measures in mm with probe perpendicular to teeth in centric occlusion from labial mandibular incisor to lingual of maxillary incisor. It is common to have 1-3 mm of overjet

excess in malocclusion is equally common between genders

thumb sucking can effect this (parafunctional habbit)

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12
Q

what is overbite?

A

in centric occlusion is the amount maxillary teeth overhang (vertically) mandibular teeth

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13
Q

how is overbite measured?

A

measured in mm in centric occlusion with probe first perpendicular to teeth then upon opening, vertically from that point of mandicular incisor to incisal edge of incisor, usually 2-5 mm

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14
Q

what is the policy at CSN for overbite measurements?

A

do not measure mild=up to 1/3 overlap, moderate=1/3-2/3 overlap, or severe=more than 2/3 overlap

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15
Q

overjet vs overbite

A
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16
Q

what is a contact area?

A

promixal surface where teeth abut (touch)

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17
Q

what do contact areas do?

A

protect gingiva and papilla, and stablize teeth

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18
Q

what do open contact areas do?

A

allow food impaction from plunging cusps which can traumatize pailla and gingiva, open contacts are bad

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19
Q

what should dental restorations include?

A

good conact areas and increase tooth stability

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20
Q

are overbites more commin in males or females?

A

females

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21
Q

are overjets more common in males or females?

A

they are equal

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22
Q

do overjet and overbite dimish with age?

A

yes, because of the mandibular growth and incisal wear

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23
Q

what is an underbite?

A

when the mandibular arch extends forward beyond the maxillary arch

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24
Q

what are the 3 arch forms? what do arch forms do?

A

anterior (anterior teeth) middle (premolars) and posterior (molars)

allow arches to overlap slightly so that canines and first molars are cooperating in more than one segment, canines and first molars function as anchor supports in both arches

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25
Q

what does the anterior arch form include?

A

it is a curved line where canines function as the arch supporters because they are the longest and strongest roots

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26
Q

what does the middle arch include?

A

includes the pre-molars and is a straight line

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27
Q

what does the posterior arch include?

A

includes the molars, is a straight line, and the first molars function as the arch supporters because they are the biggest and strongest roots

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28
Q

what are primate spaces?

A

diastemas between primary teeth that allow for future space for larger permamanet teeth, especially first mandibular molar

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29
Q

where do primate spaces occur?

A

between maxillary lateral and canine, and between mandibular first molar and canine

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30
Q

when can evaluation of anterior spacing be done by?

A

age 7 or 8, not futher growth will occur in anteriors after this time

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31
Q

what is leeway space?

A

the result of the larger primary molars being replaced by smaller permanat pre-molars (difference in size mesiodistally) the permamanet pre-molars dont feel up as much space when they come in. This arch space allow for future forward movement of the permanaent molars

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32
Q

what occurs during the phases of arch development?

A

happen when permaent teeth erupt and primary teeth are shed, during this time the jaw undergoes development, growth, and lengthening to accommodate permanent dentition, the sequence is important for space maintaince, attrition reduces mesial-distal dimensions, which reduce arch length over time-shifting and mesial drift may cause crowding

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33
Q

what teeth erupt during phase one?

A

first molars

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34
Q

what do the first molars do?

A

stablize occlusion, add to chewing function and jaw development while child grows rapidly, support jaws as primary teeth are being shed and permanent teeth are replacing them

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35
Q

true or false: teeth are not sqaure and flat and the occlusal plane is not straight

A

true

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36
Q

what is the curve of spee?

A

it is the anteroposterior curvatures that is produced by the curved alighment of all the teeth and is especially when viewing the posterior teeth from the buccal view. It is the smile line on the panoramic x-ray) maxilary arch is convex; mandibular arch is concave; curve of posterior arches

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37
Q

what is the curve of wilson?

A

is the lateral curve of occlusal table formed by lingual inclination of posterior teeth (lingual cusps lower than buccal) mandibular teeth tilt lingually and form the curve of wilson, side to side curve

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38
Q

what part of a tooth represents a curved surface?

A

every third of a tooth

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39
Q

what is the root Axis Line (RAL)?

A

the long axis od a tooth that lines up woth the compressive forces that the tooth will experience, consideration when restoring teeth, taking radiographs

40
Q

what are escapement spaces?

A

cusps, ridges, fossa, sulci, grooves, and embrasures that allow food to escape during mastication and is necessary for efficent occlusion during mastication- consideration when restoring teeth

41
Q

what are centric stops?

A

when teeth are in centric occlusion, they should have maximal interdigitation with the locking of the two arch positions

42
Q

what are they three areas of centric contacts?

A

height of cusp contour

marginal ridges

central fossae

these are the places on teeth where when other teeth touch(biting down) it stops them

43
Q

what are supporting cusps?

A

these are the height of cusp contour for centric stops and function during centric occlusion

44
Q

what are the maxillary posterior teeth supporting cusps?

A

lingual cusps

45
Q

what are the mandibular posterior teeth supporting cusp?

A

buccal cusp

46
Q

what are the mandibular anteriors supporting cusps?

A

incisal edges

47
Q

how can you check centric stops?

A

with articulating paper when restoring or sealing

48
Q

LUBL

A

lingual uppers buccal lowers

49
Q

how can cenric stops change?

A

with attrition and golden proporation (phi 1.618) of vertical dimension; occlusal wear facets

50
Q

what does iatrogenic mean?

A

when we messed up in dentistry

51
Q

what are the golden proporations of A, B, C

A

A=1; B=.618; C=1

  1. 6:1
  2. 6:1
  3. 6:1
52
Q

what is centric relation?

A

when mandible is in most retruded position that clinician can achieve by gently moving mandible back several times until muscles relax and allow, should place teeth within 1 mm of centric occlusion. Occurs when you relax all your facial muscles there should be a 1mm to 3 mm gap and then you tap their chin up for them. hard to achieve clinically we bite in centric occlusion not centric relation

53
Q

what do pre-mature contacts do?

A

shift from centric relation to centric occlusion, happens when one or two teeth initially contact before the other teeth

54
Q

what is lateral occlusion?

A

lateral movement of mandible (side to side) until canines are cusp to cusp (called caine rise) on working side (other side is called balancing side) no other teeth should contact during lateral movement

55
Q

what is considered the working side?

A

the side you chew on

56
Q

what is considered the balancing side?

A

the side you are not chewing on

57
Q

what are balancing intereferences?

A

happens if canines are too worn to meet, have group of posterior teeth meet on balancing side

58
Q

what is protrusive occlusion?

A

happens as mandible is moved forward, all central and lateral incisors should meet edge to edge. examle is bitting into a sandwhich

59
Q

what is interocclusal clearance, or freeway space?

A

happens when the mandible is in rest position, an average of 2 to 3 mm is noted between the masticatory surface of the maxillary and mandibular teeth

60
Q

what is malocclusion?

A

lack of ideal centric occlusion includes 80% of population is often hereditary; usually crowding; also overjet, symmetry, gender, midline position, negative space (dark area) malocclusion affects apperance and oral hygiene care is corrected through ortho and speech therapists (helps with tongue thrusting) , early intervention is usually the best

61
Q

what is angle’s classification of malocclusion?

A

it is a simple classification system of malocclusions that only includes the molars and canines of permanent dentition, other classifications do not fit in, is not a dianosis just a classification system

62
Q

what is the class I occlusion?

A

the ideal relationship of the jaws and arches

63
Q

how should the first molars occlude in class I?

A

the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar should occlude with the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar

64
Q

how should the canines occlude in class I?

A

the maxillay canine occludes with distal half of mandibular canine and mesial half of mandibular first pre-molar

65
Q

what is the term for a class I occlusion?

A

mesognathic profile (flat or straight)

66
Q

can class I still have malocclusions?

A

yes, may still have crowding of anterior or diastemas-due to disproportion between size of teeth and size of arch, mesial drift, ovebite, open bite, end-to-end or edge-to-edge bite, crossbite, labioversion, linguoversion

67
Q

what is a tendency?

A

when a persons occlusion is inbetween two classes

68
Q

in class II malocclusion how are the molars occluded?

A

mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary right first molar occludes mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar by more than the width of a pre-molar

69
Q

how do the canines occlude in a class II occlusion?

A

the distal surface of mandibular canine is distal to mesial surface of maxillay canine by at least the width of a pre-molar

70
Q

for class II malocclusion is either the canine or the first molar is less than the width of a pre-molar it is called?

A

class I tendency to a class II

71
Q

what happens in class II division I?

A

maxillary anteriors excessively protrude facially from mandibular anteriors, mandibular anteriors may over-erupt, may have overbit, palate may be narrow and V shaped (vaulted palate) instead of curved

72
Q

what is calss II division I called?

A

retrognathic profile (protruding upper lip, recessive mandible and chin, mandible goes back)

73
Q

what happens in class II division II?

A

maxillary centrals are upright and or retruded but maxillary laterals may tip labially or overlap centrals, causes deep overbite with a normal palate

dont extract teeth in class II division II

74
Q

what is a class II division II called?

A

mesognathic profile (may have prominent chin)

75
Q

how are the molars occluded in class III malocclusion?

A

mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes distal to mesiobuccal groove of mandibular first molar by more than a pre-molar width

76
Q

how are the canines occluded in a class III malocclusion?

A

distal surface of mandibular canine is mesial is mesial to mesial surface of maxillary canine by at least width of a pre-molar

77
Q

In a class III tendency if either molar or canine is less than width of a premolar it will then be called?

A

class I tendency to a class III

78
Q

a class III malocclusion is called?

A

prognathic profile (mandibular incisor in complete crossbite, have a underbite, chin is protruded out sometime retrusive maxilla, have to have surgery to fix

79
Q

what are subdivisons of malocclusion?

A

when classifications are asymmetrical

80
Q

class I, II, III profiles

A
81
Q

in primary occlusion what is the canine relationship?

A

the same as the permanent dentition

82
Q

in primay occlusion how are the molars?

A

either in flush terminal plane, mesial step, or distal step

83
Q

what is flush terminal plane?

A

in primary dentition maxillary and mandibular second molars at end-to-end; allow correct spacing for eruption of permanent molars

84
Q

what is the mesial step?

A

in primary dentition mandibular second molar is mesial to maxillary molar; allows correct spacing for erution of permanent molars

85
Q

fush terminal plan vs mesial plane

A
86
Q

what is the distal step?

A

in primary dentiton is malocclusion mandibular second molar is distal to maxillary second molar; does not allow for correct permanent molar placement

87
Q

what are parafunctional habits?

A

chronic use of movements that are not within noraml rage used for mstication, speech, or respiration. Habits requie retraining, appliances, relaxation techniques, speech therapy

88
Q

what is clenching?

A

clenching teeth in centric occlusion for a long period of time without breaking into a mandibular rest position or interocclusal clearance

89
Q

what is bruxism?

A

grinding, causes attrition

90
Q

what is abfraction?

A

controversial theory that dentinal tubules pop out of teeth, if exposed, due to occlusal forces

91
Q

what can thumb sucking or finger sucking cause?

A

causes open bite, vaulted palate, callous on thumb or finger

92
Q

what is an open bite?

A

when anterior teeth do not occlude

93
Q

what is an end-to-end bite

A

in which the teeth occlude without the maxillary teeth overlapping the mandibular jaw

94
Q

what is a cross-bite?

A

occurs when a mandibular tooth or teeth are placed facially to a maxillary tooth or teeth

95
Q
A

ORAL BIOLOGY MEDTERM OCCLUSION (1 decks)

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