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Dental hygiene: Anatomy > Occlusion > Flashcards

Occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

Define Occlusion

A

relationship of mandibular teeth when they come in contact with the
maxillary teeth

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2
Q

Ideal occlusion

A

harmonious static and dynamic relationship of teeth and jaw,
all teeth in the maxillary arch are in contact with all teeth of the mandibular arch.

  1. Maxillary teeth slightly overlap the mandibular teeth on the facial surface
  2. Lingual cusps of the maxillary teeth rest in the fossae of the mandibular teeth, and the buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth rest in the fossae of the maxillary teeth
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3
Q

Define Malocclusion

A

deviation from the ideal, abnormal occlusion

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4
Q

Define Skeletal Classification

A

relationship of the bone of the maxilla to the bone of the
mandible

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5
Q

Types of occlusion classifications

A

A. Class I - “normal” or “ideal” relationship of the maxilla to the mandible, mesognathic or orthognathic profile

B. Class II - mandible is retruded, pushed back, mandible has a distal relationship to the maxilla, retrognathic profile

C. Class III - mandible is protruded, pushed forward, mandible has a mesial relationship to the maxilla, prognathic profile

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6
Q

Define Dental Classification

A

relationship of the teeth of the mandibular to the teeth of the
maxilla, particularly 1st molars, and canines

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7
Q

Bilateral / Unilateral

A

on both sides / on one side of the mouth
Occlusion classifications can be bilateral or unilateral

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8
Q

E. H. Angle’s Classification Class 1

A
  • Class I - neutrocclusion, ideal relationship
  • Molar relationship: mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary 1st molar is directly in line with the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular 1st molar
  • Canine relationship: permanent maxillary canine fits into the facial embrasure between the mandibular canine and 1st premolar
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9
Q

E. H. Angle’s Classification Class 2

A
  • Class II - distocclusion
  • Molar Relationship: Mesiobuccal Cusp of Permanent Maxillary 1st molar is anterior to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular 1stmolar by at least the width of a premolar.
  • Canine relationship - permanent maxillary canine is anterior to
    facial embrasure of mandibular canine and 1st premolar by at least the width of a premolar
  • Less than the width of a premolar is a tendency to Class II
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10
Q

Division I

A

Maxillary central incisors are slightly protruded

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11
Q

Division II

A

maxillary central incisors are retruded, inclined lingually, laterals
often slightly overlap central incisors have the appearance of
being overlapped on the central incisors

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12
Q

Clinical findings that may be present in Class II

A
  • Overjet
  • Severe/deep overbite
  • Crowded maxillary anterior teeth
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13
Q

E. H. Angle’s Classification Class 3

A
  • mesiocclusion
  • Molar relationship - mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary 1st molar is distal to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular 1st molar by at least the width of a premolar
  • Canine relationship - permanent maxillary canine is distal to the facial embrasure of the mandibular canine and 1st premolar by at least the width of a premolar
  • Less than the width of a premolar is a tendency to Class III
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14
Q

Clinical findings that may be present with Class III occlusion

A
  • Anterior crossbite
  • Edge to edge
  • Mandibular incisors crowding
  • Mandibular incisors that are lingually tipped
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15
Q

Factors influencing occlusion

A

A. Arrangement of teeth in the arch
B. Relation of the mandibular arch to the maxillary arch
C. Relation of the mandible to the maxilla
D. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and its parts
E. Muscles, nerves, ligaments, and soft tissues that affect the position of the mandible

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16
Q

Abnormalities that may be detrimental to dental health

A
  1. Maligned teeth
  2. Biting and bruxing habits
  3. Tongue thrusts
  4. Deflective tooth contacts
  5. Balancing side interferences
  6. Improperly designed restorations
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17
Q

Malocclusion

A

occurs when groups of teeth within the arch are not aligned to fit
into ideal arch form, do not form a level plane, or when individual teeth are not aligned to fit ideal arch form

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18
Q

Labioversion, labial version

A

tooth is out of alignment to the labial or
buccal compared to the arch, or other teeth

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19
Q

Buccoversion, buccal version

A

refers to posterior tooth

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20
Q

LInguoversion, lingual version

A

tooth is out of alignment to the lingual
compared to the arch or other teeth

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21
Q

Torsoversion

A

teeth are rotated

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22
Q

Supraeruption, extrusion

A

tooth that is over erupted, abnormally long
relative to the rest of the occlusal surfaces

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23
Q

Infraocclusion, infraversion

A

tooth is abnormally short relative to the
rest of the occlusal plane

24
Q

Crossbite

A

Mandibular teeth not within the confines of the maxillary
teeth

  • Anterior - maxillary incisors or canines re lingual to mandibular incisors or canine
  • Posterior - maxillary posterior teeth are more lingual to mandibular
    teeth, maxillary lingual cusps are not in the fossae of the mandibular
    teeth
25
Q

Edge to edge

A

incisal edge of maxillary anterior teeth occlude with the
incisal edge of the mandibular teeth

26
Q

End to end

A

posterior teeth occlude cusp to cusp

27
Q

Open bit

A

mandibular teeth do not touch maxillary teeth, no vertical
overlap

  • can be caused by thumb sucking
  • can be caused by tongue thrusting
28
Q

Overjet - horizontal

A

overlap, amount of facial horizontal overlap
between the maxillary anterior teeth to the mandibular teeth

Normal overjet is 2-3 mm, measured with a probe

29
Q

Overbite - vertical

A

overlap, extension of the incisal edges of the maxillary
anterior teeth below the incisal edges of the
mandibular anterior teeth in a vertical direction

30
Q

Normal/slight overbite

A

Overlap occurs within the incisal 1/3 of
mandibular anterior teeth

31
Q

Moderate overbite

A

overlap occurs in the middle 1/3 of mandibular
anterior teeth

32
Q

Severe overbite/deep overbite

A

Overlap into the cervical 1/3 of
mandibular anterior teeth

  • Could see bite marks in the palate with severe
33
Q

Vertical dimension

A

a vertical measurement between anatomic or arbitrary
points on the upper or lower face

34
Q

Resting Vertical dimension

A

at rest, with lips together, teeth should be 1-
2mm apart

35
Q

Centric occlusion

A

relation of maxillary and mandibular occlusal surfaces
when teeth in maximum contact, or intercuspation (fitting together of the surfaces of the opposing teeth

36
Q

Centric relation

A

relation of upper and lower jaw, when the head of the condyle
is in the most posterior-superior position in the glenoid (mandibular) fossa, jaw is back as far as it can go this can be seen when swallowing

37
Q

Functional (dynamic) occlusion

A

refers to the tooth contacts, while the
mandible is in action

38
Q

Intercuspation

A

buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth are interlocked between
buccal and lingual cusps of maxillary teeth

39
Q

Mesial drift

A

Erupted teeth drift toward the midline

40
Q

Vertical alignment of teeth

A

Teeth are not vertically straight up and down

  1. Mandibular teeth tip lingually
  2. Maxillary teeth tip buccally
  3. Anterior teeth tip slightly forward
41
Q

Lateral excursion

A

mandible moves to the right and left

42
Q

Working side

A

side toward which the mandible moves, maxillary and
mandibular cusps touch

43
Q

Balancing side

A

non-functional side, teeth do not contact

44
Q

Canine guidance or rise

A

mandible canine opens the bite by gliding
down the lingual surface of the maxillary canine

45
Q

Group function

A

premolars occlude during lateral excursion, premolars
should only assist, canines take the brunt of the occlusion

46
Q

Protrusion

A

mandible moves forward
Only the 4 anterior touch, but may include the canines. Posteriors have no contact

47
Q

Open contacts

A

sites where interproximal space exists because proximal crests
do not meet

48
Q

Reasons for open contacts

A
  1. Developmental disturbances
  2. Missing teeth
  3. Oral habits
  4. Dental disease
  5. Overdeveloped frena
  6. Faulty dentistry
49
Q

Diastema

A

space between two adjacent teeth in the same arch that is not the
result of missing teeth, most commonly seen between central incisors

50
Q

Curve of Wilson

A

transverse occlusal curve, side to side, mandibular teeth
concave, since mandibular teeth tilt lingually

51
Q

Curve of Spee

A

from the lateral view, usually from the buccal aspects when
teeth are in centric occlusion cusp tips of posterior teeth conform to a fairly even curve in and anterior to posterior direction, mandibular teeth curve is concave, maxillary curve is convex

52
Q

Occlusal Trauma

A

periodontal injury is caused by repeated occlusal forces which
are excessive

53
Q

Types of Occlusal Trauma

A
  1. Primary occlusal trauma - excessive force with normal bone support
  2. Secondary occlusal trauma - excessive force with bone loss and
    inadequate bone support

*NOTE - occlusal trauma causes periodontal disease only in the presence of bacteria

54
Q

Causes of occlusal trauma

A
  1. Premature contact
  2. Only a few teeth in contact - which produces unequal pressure
  3. Initial contacts on inclined planes of cusps, which produce unequal
    pressure
  4. Heavy forces in lateral or horizontal direction
  5. Increased frequency, intensity or duration of contacts such as bruxism, clenching
55
Q

Clinical Findings of Occlusal Trauma

A
  1. Tooth mobility
  2. Fremitus - vibration
  3. Tooth sensitivity
  4. Wear facets
  5. Open contacts
  6. TMJ disorders
56
Q

Radiographic findings of occlusal trauma

A
  1. Widened periodontal ligament (PDL)
  2. Thickened lamina dura - thin covering of alveolar bone seen
    radiographically
  3. Angular/vertical bone loss
  4. Root resorption
  5. Furcation involvement

Dental hygiene: Anatomy (3 decks)

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