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Ocular Anatomy > OcAnat_Test3 > Flashcards

OcAnat_Test3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm come from?

A

Epiblast

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2
Q

What germ tissues do the eye parts develop from?

A

Ectoderm and Mesoderm

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3
Q

What happens in Week 4(day 22-28)

A

Optic sulcus
Optic vesicle, mesenchymal sheath begins
Mesenchymal sheath completes
Retinal disk, RPE, lens placode
Optic stalk, hyaloid vessels, primordia of EOM

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4
Q

What is induction

A

the influence that one developing structure has on another

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5
Q

What forms the retinal pigment epithelium?

A

Cells of the superotemporal wall of the optic vesicle.

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6
Q

The walls of the optic vesicle are continuous with what structure?

A

Neuroectoderm of the future brain

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7
Q

What is mesenchyme derived from?

A 
Mesoderm (middle germ layer)
Neural crest (originate from neuroectoderm)
This is a descriptive term and does not imply an origin from any particular embryonic germ layer.
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8
Q

What is the retinal disk?

A

Distal face of the optic vesicle.
Disk-shaped thickening of the neural ectoderm.
Will become the neural retina.

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9
Q

What does lens placode formation coincide with?

A

Constriction of the optic vesicle which forms the optic stalk

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10
Q

What two things are related to each other at the end of week 4?

A

Vascularization and pigmentation

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11
Q

What days does week 5 consist of?

A

Days 29-35

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12
Q

What structures appear in week 5?

A

Invagination of retinal disk and lens placode
Optic cup forms, blood vessels enter the choroidal fissure
Lens vesicle pinched, corneal epithelium, primary vitreous, hyaloid vasculary

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13
Q

The optic vesicle turns into what structure?

A

The optic cup.

day 29-32; 5th week.

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14
Q

How do the blood vessels gain access to the optic cup?

A

Through the choroidal fissure.

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15
Q

How does the lens vesicle come about?

A

Through the pinching off of the lens placode from the surface ectoderm

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16
Q

During week 5, what structures does the hyaloid artery supply?

A

Lens vesicle

Developing retina

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17
Q

Is the choroidal fissure ventral or dorsal to the optic stalk?

A

It is on the ventral surface.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the vasa hyaloidea propria

A

Supplying the vitreous chamber. Tiny branches of the hyaloid artery.

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19
Q

What blood network supplys the lens?

A

tunica vasculosa lentis.

Originates from the hyaloid artery.

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20
Q

What is so special about the lens when it is super grown?

A

It doesn’t need a blood supply.
Hyaloid artery degenerates
Hyaloid canal remains.

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21
Q

What does the proximal portion of the central retinal artery become?

A

Central retinal artery, which supplies the retina.

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22
Q

When does melanin appear in RPE?

A

Day 33.

23
Q

What days are in week 6?

A

Days 36-42

24
Q

What is the dominating factor in week 6?

A

The closure of the embryonic choroidal fissure.

25
Q

Thick inner wall of optic cup becomes…

Thin outer wall of optic cup becomes…

A
  1. Neural retina

2. RPE

26
Q

Where do the primary lens fibers come from?

A

Cells of the posterior wall of the lens vesicle. The elongation of these cells fills the cavity of the lens vesicle by the end of the 7th week.

27
Q

Who forms the corneal epithelium?

A

The surface ectoderm after it separated from the lens vesicle.

28
Q

Cells of basal layer of corneal epithelium are connected via….

A

Maculae adherens

29
Q

Cells of the superficial layer of the corneal epithelium are connected via

A

Zonulae adherens

Zonulae occludens.

30
Q

WHen do the secondary vitreous appear?

A

At the end of week 6. It pushes the primary vitreous inward towrd the lens and detach it from the sensory retina, except at periphery and optic disk area.

31
Q

A lot of things happen in week six. GIve me a list

A 
RPE
Neural retina: outer nuclear zone, marginal zone
Choroidal fissure closes
Secondary vitreous appears
Primary lens fibers appear
Cornea epithelium appear
32
Q

What are the honorable mention structures of week 6?

A

Eyelid
Nasolacrimal duct
Periocular vasculature
Orbital bones: Maxilla.

33
Q

What does the first wave of mesenchyme cells form?

A

Corneal endothelium

Trabecular meshwork endothelium

34
Q

What does the second wave of mesenchyme cells form?

A

Pupillary membrane, which is the primordium of the anterior border layer and stroma of the iris.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the pupillary membrane?

A

Separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber

36
Q

What does the third wave of mesenchyme cells form?

A

Primary corneal stroma - fibroblast

Secondary corneal stroma - keratocytes and collagen

37
Q

The primary lens fibers become….

A

Embryonic nucleus

38
Q

What two neuroblastic layers does the transient layer of CHievtiz separate?

A

Inner neuroblastic layer

Outer Neuroblastic layer

39
Q

What happens to the mesencymal capsule during week 7?

A

Choroid and Sclera gets formed

40
Q

CHoroid is homologous in origin with?

A

Pia mater

Arachnoid mater

41
Q

Sclera is homologous in origin with?

A

Dura mater around the optic nerve and brain.

42
Q

What happens to the optic stalk in the 8th week?

A

It becomes the optic nerve

43
Q

Inner neuroblastic layer is differentiated into

A

Ganglion cells
Amacrine Cells
Mueller Cells
Another name for INBL is marginal layer of HIS

44
Q

The outer neuroblastic layer is differentiated into

A

Bipolar cells
Horizontal cells
Rods and COnes

45
Q

What is the canal of cloquet

A

When secondary vitreous push its way anteriorly and laterally, crushing the primary vitreous and vasa hyaloidea propria centrally.
Clearly formed by 5th month.

46
Q

What structures evolve from the ectoderm?

A

Surface ectoderm
Neuroectoderm
Neural crest

47
Q

What structures are made out of the surface ectoderm?

A 
Corneal epithelium
Conjunctiva epithelium
Lacrimal glands
Crystalline lens
Eyelid structures
Epithelium lining the nasolacrimal system
48
Q

When does the monolayer cells of cornea turn multilayered?

A

6 weeks. After that neural crest cells(mesenchyme) form the corneal endothelium at week 7.

49
Q

What happens at 7th week in the cornea?

A

COrneal epithelium is separated from the corneal endothelium by a diffuse basal lamina.

50
Q

When does the descemet’s layer form?

A

When the endothelial cells are confluent

51
Q

What happens after the endothelium is formed in the cornea?

A

Neural crest cells rub in b/w the endothelium and epithelium and turn primary stroma into secondary stroma

52
Q

Where does the choroidal capillaries first appear?

A

At the posterior pole and then differentiate peripherally.

53
Q

What is the order of appearance of choroidal circulation

A

Choriocapillaris forms first.
Next is short posterior ciliary arteries are added to supply choriocapillaris.
Long posterior ciliary arteries bypass the developing choroid.

54
Q

Primary lens fibers appear in week 6 and week 7

A

6: transformation of the posterior cells of the lens vesicle into primary lens fibers
7: Filling of the cavity of primary lens fibers.

Ocular Anatomy (3 decks)

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