OCAM6 Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of optical fibre?
1) Core - nearly pure silicon dioxide, transmission path for optical signals
2) Cladding - nearly pure silicon dioxide with some impurities to confirm light to core
3) Buffer/coating - durable resin to protect core and cladding from moisture and physical damage
What the two basic configurations of optical fibre?
1) 250 micron coated fibre
2) 900 micron tight buffered fibre
What are the two types of optical fibre cables (bundles)?
1) Tight buffered
2) Loose tube
Properties of tight buffered cable
1) Multiple, colour coded 900micron optical fibres
2) Indoor applications
3) Must pass flame-retardant and smoke-inhibitor ratings from National Electrical Code (NEC)
Properties of loose tube cable
1) Multiple, loose tubes with 250micron bare fibres
2) Outdoor application
3) Must be moisture resistant, UV resistant and temperature tolerant
Properties of cordage cables
1) Typically used for connection between equipment and patch panels (short distance)
2) Only one fibre/buffer combination in a jacket
3) Can be simplex or duplex
Properties of simplex cordage
1) single fibre with a tight buffer
2) aramid yarn strength member
3) PVC jacket
4) One way transmission
Properties of duplex cordage
1) AKA zipcord
2) combines two simplex cords for two transmission
Properties of Distribution cable
1) Multiple, tight buffered fibres bundled ins jacket to run through a building
2) not meant to be used outside office walls
3) Used for patch panels or communication closets
Properties of breakout cable
1) Two or more simplex cables around a central strength member covered with outer jacket
2) Run through buildings but are connected individually
Properties of ribbon cable
1) fibres bonded side by side or held in grooves in a single tight jacket
2) Save space as fibres not individually jacketed
3) Useful for high volume installs
Properties of Armoured cable
1) Steel or aluminium jacket covered with polyethylene jacket
2) Can be run aerially, installed in ducts or placed underground
Properties of submarine cable
1) steel wire to provide armour to several layers
2) Stainless steel tube for strength
3) Water blocking properties allowing 8000m depths
What is the main differences between SMF and MMF?
The size of the core which affects the light carrying characteristics
Properties of SMF
1) Most optical network applications
2) Suitable for long distances, high bandwidth applications
3) Core diameter is sized to be a small multiple of the wavelength range of the signal. This concentrates the light in a single path, reducing optical loss
Types of SMF
1) Non-dispersion Shifter Fibre (NDSF) - ITU G.652
2) Dispersion Shifted Fibre (DSF) - ITU G.653
3) Non-zero Dispersion Shifted fibre (NZ-DSF) - ITU G.655
Properties of MMF
1) Applications of short distances
2) Larger core diameter, allowing for wavelengths to take multiple paths
3) Means wavelengths care reach destination at different times (modal dispersion) - okay for short, low bandwidth networks
4) Operate at 850 and 1300nm
Types of MMF
1) OM1 - premise applications
2) OM2 - premise applications
3) OM3 - premise applications, laser optimised (higher bit rate)
4) OM4 - premise applications, laser optimised, longer transmission rates
5) OM5
Types of full size connectors
1) Straight Tip (ST) - SMF & MMF, twist connection
2) Ferrule connector (FC) - SMF & MMF, screw on connection
3) Subscriber connector (SC) - SMF & MMF, snap in connection
All connectors have 2.5mm ferrule
Types of Small Form Factor (SFF) Connectors
1) Lucent connectors (LC) - SMF & MMF, push and latch connection
2) Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MT-RJ) - MMF, 2 fibres in one ferrule
3) Miniature Unit (MU) - SMF & MMF, push and pull connection
4) E2000 (LX.5) - SMF & MMF, automatic spring loaded protective cap
5) Multi-fibre Push-On (MPO) - SMF & MMF, push and pull connection, mass terminated in 4-72 ribbon cables
What is the Silica-based Glass fibre loss profile?
Defines the windows of low loss where communication is used in optical cable (850, 1310 and 1550nm). Also defines the ares called water peak where the OH ion causes fibre impurities giving high loss.
What factors contribute to optical loss?
1) Fibre intersections like connections
2) Anomalies in the fibre itself
Define optical attenuation
The loss of optical power as the light signal travels through the fibre, measured in dbs. Limits the length a signal can travel
Factors that cause attenuation
1) Absorption
2) Scattering
3) Bending losses
4) Fresnel reflection
5) Splices
6) Contamination in fibre connectors