OC Pathwayssss, Indicators, Cation and Anion tests Flashcards
Alkyne –> Alkene
catalyst: H2, Ni or Pt
Hydrogenation
Alkene –> Alkane
H2, Ni or Pt
Hydrogenation (Addition)
Alkane –> Haloalkane
Br2, CI2, I2, F2
Halogenation (substitution)
Alkene –> Haloalkane
No catalyst
HBr, HCI, HF, HI
Br2, CI2, I2, F2
Hydrohalogenation/ halogenation (Addition)
Alkene –> Polyethylene (also PVC, PS, PTFE)
Addition
Polyethylene –> High Density
Low temp
low pressure
Polyethylene –> Low Density
High temp
High pressure
Haloalkane –> Alcohol
Heating with dilute KOH NaOH Reflux (hydration)
Alcohol –> Haloalkane
Heat (substitution with HX)
Alkene –> Alcohol
Dilute H2SO4 H20 (Hydration)
Alcohol –> Alkene
Conc. H2SO4 (dehydration)
Alcohol –> Aldehyde
H+ Heat Mn04- Cr2O4-
Primary oxidation
Aldehyde –> Carboxylic Acid
H+ Heat Mn04- Cr2O4-
Oxidation
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid –> Ester
H2SO4 reflux (Esterification)
Alcohol –> Ketones
H+ Heat Mn04- Cr2O4-
Secondary oxidation
Esters –> Polyesters
High temp (Condensation)
Carboxylic Acids –> Polyamides
High temp (Condensation)
Carboxylic Acids/ Polyamides –> Amine
High temp (Condensation)
Glucose –> Alcohol
Yeast (Fermentation)
Alcohol –> CO2 +H20
O2 (Combustion)
Alkane –> CO2 +H20
Combustion
Alkene –> CO2 +H20
O2 (Combustion)
pH range: 3.2-4.4
Methyl orange (red to yellow)
pH range: 6.0-7.6
Bromothymol Blue (yellow to blue)
pH range: 8.2-10
Phenophalein (colourless to pink)
pH range: 5.5-8.2
Litmus (red to blue)
Barium flame test colour
Apple green
Calcium flame test colour
Brick red
Magnesium flame test
X no colour
lead II flame test
X no colour (dangerous)
silver flame test
X no colour
Iron II flame test
bright blue/green
Iron III flame test
orange-brown
Barium and OH- precipitate?
X
Calcium and OH- precipitate?
X
Magnesium and OH- precipitate?
White
Lead II and OH- precipitate?
White
Silver and OH- precipitate?
Brown
copper and OH- precipitate?
Blue
Iron II and OH- precipitate?
Green
Iron III and OH- precipitate?
Brown
Barium and S042- precipitate?
White
Calcium and S042- precipitate?
White
Magnesium and S042- precipitate?
X
lead II and S042- precipitate?
White
Silver and S042- precipitate?
White
Copper II and S042- precipitate?
X
Iron II and S042- precipitate?
X
Iron III and S042- precipitate?
X
Barium and CI- precipitate?
X
Calcium and CI- precipitate?
X
Magnesium and CI- precipitate?
X
Silver and CI- precipitate?
White
Lead III and CI- precipitate?
White
Copper II
X
Iron II
X
Iron III
X
Barium and I- precipitate?
X
Calcium and I- precipitate?
X
Magnesium and I- precipitate?
X
Lead III
Yellow
Silver and I- precipitate?
Yellow
Copper II and I- precipitate?
X
Iron II and I- precipitate?
X
Iron III and I- precipitate?
X
Barium complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
X
Calcium complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
X
Magnesium complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
X
Lead II complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
X
Silver complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
X
Copper II complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
Blue when hydrated (pale blue ppt)
Iron II complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
Pale green when hydrated (green ppt)
Iron III complexation ion colour (when hydrated) and ppt colour (with OH-)
Yellow-brown when hydrated (brown ppt)
Chloride and Ag+ precipitate?
White
Bromide and Ag+ precipitate?
Cream
Iodide and Ag+ precipitate?
Yellow
Hydroxide and Ag+ precipitate?
X
Acetate and Ag+ precipitate?
X
Carbonate and Ag+ precipitate?
X
Sulphate and Ag+ precipitate?
X
Phosphate and Ag+ precipitate?
X
Chloride and Ba2+ precipitate?
X
Bromide and Ba2+ precipitate?
X
Iodide and Ba2+ precipitate?
X
Hydroxide and Ba2+ precipitate?
X
Acetate and Ba2+ precipitate?
X
Carbonate and Ba2+ precipitate?
X
Sulphate and Ba2+ precipitate?
White
Phosphate and Ba2+ precipitate?
Yellow
Barium and HNO3 precipitate?
X
Bromide and HNO3 precipitate?
X
Iodide and HNO3 precipitate?
X
Hydroxide and HNO3 precipitate?
X
Acetate and HNO3 precipitate?
Vinegar aroma
Carbonate and HNO3 precipitate?
Bubbles (CO2)
Sulphate and HNO3 precipitate?
X
Phosphate and HNO3 precipitate?
X
Chloride colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
X
Bromide colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
X
Iodide colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
X
Hydroxide colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
Blue
Acetate colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
Blue
Carbonate colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
X
Sulphate colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
X
Phosphate colour when dissolved in water with red litmus paper
X