OC Pathwayssss, Indicators, Cation and Anion tests Flashcards
Alkyne –> Alkene
catalyst: H2, Ni or Pt
Hydrogenation
Alkene –> Alkane
H2, Ni or Pt
Hydrogenation (Addition)
Alkane –> Haloalkane
Br2, CI2, I2, F2
Halogenation (substitution)
Alkene –> Haloalkane
No catalyst
HBr, HCI, HF, HI
Br2, CI2, I2, F2
Hydrohalogenation/ halogenation (Addition)
Alkene –> Polyethylene (also PVC, PS, PTFE)
Addition
Polyethylene –> High Density
Low temp
low pressure
Polyethylene –> Low Density
High temp
High pressure
Haloalkane –> Alcohol
Heating with dilute KOH NaOH Reflux (hydration)
Alcohol –> Haloalkane
Heat (substitution with HX)
Alkene –> Alcohol
Dilute H2SO4 H20 (Hydration)
Alcohol –> Alkene
Conc. H2SO4 (dehydration)
Alcohol –> Aldehyde
H+ Heat Mn04- Cr2O4-
Primary oxidation
Aldehyde –> Carboxylic Acid
H+ Heat Mn04- Cr2O4-
Oxidation
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid –> Ester
H2SO4 reflux (Esterification)
Alcohol –> Ketones
H+ Heat Mn04- Cr2O4-
Secondary oxidation
Esters –> Polyesters
High temp (Condensation)
Carboxylic Acids –> Polyamides
High temp (Condensation)
Carboxylic Acids/ Polyamides –> Amine
High temp (Condensation)
Glucose –> Alcohol
Yeast (Fermentation)
Alcohol –> CO2 +H20
O2 (Combustion)
Alkane –> CO2 +H20
Combustion
Alkene –> CO2 +H20
O2 (Combustion)
pH range: 3.2-4.4
Methyl orange (red to yellow)
pH range: 6.0-7.6
Bromothymol Blue (yellow to blue)
pH range: 8.2-10
Phenophalein (colourless to pink)
pH range: 5.5-8.2
Litmus (red to blue)
Barium flame test colour
Apple green
Calcium flame test colour
Brick red
Magnesium flame test
X no colour
lead II flame test
X no colour (dangerous)
silver flame test
X no colour
Iron II flame test
bright blue/green
Iron III flame test
orange-brown
Barium and OH- precipitate?
X
Calcium and OH- precipitate?
X
Magnesium and OH- precipitate?
White
Lead II and OH- precipitate?
White
Silver and OH- precipitate?
Brown
copper and OH- precipitate?
Blue
Iron II and OH- precipitate?
Green
Iron III and OH- precipitate?
Brown
Barium and S042- precipitate?
White