obtaining energy from fuels

Question 1

fuel

Answer 1

a substance that stoes energy that can be released to be used as heat or power

Question 2

fossil fuel

Answer 2

a fuel that is formed in the earth from organic remains

Question 3

non renewable fuel source

Answer 3

a fuel source that is consumed faster then it can be replenished

Question 4

sustainable fuels

Answer 4

fuels that are not expected to be depleted within the lifetime of the human race

Question 5

non-sustainable fuels

Answer 5

fuels that are used at a rate faster then they can be replaced (their use cannot be maintained forever)

Question 6

fractional distillation

Answer 6

the process of separating crude oil into ‘fractions’ of similar boiling points so that they can be used for their particular functions

Question 7

difference between black coal and brown coal

Answer 7

brown coal contains more water and less carbon then black coal (and therefore produces less energy)

Question 8

what is coal composed of

Answer 8

mostly carbon along with other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur

Question 9

what is crude oil composed of

Answer 9

mostly hydrocarbons (as well as other element such as sulfur and nitrogen

Question 10

what is natural gas composed of

Answer 10

small alkanes (mainly methane) as well as other compounds

Question 11

biofuels

Answer 11

a category of fuels all sourced from organic matter

Question 12

what is biogas composed of

Answer 12

a mixture of gases, mainly methane

Question 13

what is bioethanol composed of

Answer 13

ethanol

Question 14

what is biodiesel composed of

Answer 14

methyl esters

Question 15

how is biogas made

Answer 15

the anaerobic break down of organic matter by bacteria

Question 16

how is bioethanol made

Answer 16

the anaerobic respiration of sugars by microorganisms such as yeast

Question 17

how is biodiesel made

Answer 17

the esterification of triglycerides, sourced from plants, and methanol to create methyl esters.

Question 18

is petrodiesel polar or non-polar

Answer 18

non polar, as it is a straight chain alkane

Question 19

is biodiesel polar or non-polar

Answer 19

polar, due to the polar COO ester groups

Question 20

which produces more energy per gram, biodiesel or petrodiesel

Answer 20

petrodiesel

Question 21

which is renewable, biodiesel or petrodiesel

Answer 21

biodiesel

Question 22

which is more viscous, biodiesel or petrodiesel

Answer 22

biodiesel

Question 23

which produces less particulate matter and carbon emissions, biodiesel or petrodiesel

Answer 23

biodiesel (less carbon emissions as growing the plants required for this fuel source “absorb” carbon from the atmosphere)

Question 24

enthalpy

Answer 24

the chemical energy contained substance

Question 25

define gas

Answer 25

a substance with no fixed shape or volume

Question 26

pressure

Answer 26

the force exerted by a gas on the walls of the container is contained in

Question 27

what are standard laboratory conditions

Answer 27

25 C, 100 kPa, 1M

Question 28

products of complete combustion

Answer 28

carbon dioxide and water

Question 29

products of incomplete combustion

Answer 29

carbon monoxide and water