obtaining energy from fuels Flashcards
fuel
a substance that stoes energy that can be released to be used as heat or power
fossil fuel
a fuel that is formed in the earth from organic remains
non renewable fuel source
a fuel source that is consumed faster then it can be replenished
sustainable fuels
fuels that are not expected to be depleted within the lifetime of the human race
non-sustainable fuels
fuels that are used at a rate faster then they can be replaced (their use cannot be maintained forever)
fractional distillation
the process of separating crude oil into ‘fractions’ of similar boiling points so that they can be used for their particular functions
difference between black coal and brown coal
brown coal contains more water and less carbon then black coal (and therefore produces less energy)
what is coal composed of
mostly carbon along with other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
what is crude oil composed of
mostly hydrocarbons (as well as other element such as sulfur and nitrogen
what is natural gas composed of
small alkanes (mainly methane) as well as other compounds
biofuels
a category of fuels all sourced from organic matter
what is biogas composed of
a mixture of gases, mainly methane
what is bioethanol composed of
ethanol
what is biodiesel composed of
methyl esters
how is biogas made
the anaerobic break down of organic matter by bacteria
how is bioethanol made
the anaerobic respiration of sugars by microorganisms such as yeast
how is biodiesel made
the esterification of triglycerides, sourced from plants, and methanol to create methyl esters.
is petrodiesel polar or non-polar
non polar, as it is a straight chain alkane
is biodiesel polar or non-polar
polar, due to the polar COO ester groups
which produces more energy per gram, biodiesel or petrodiesel
petrodiesel
which is renewable, biodiesel or petrodiesel
biodiesel
which is more viscous, biodiesel or petrodiesel
biodiesel
which produces less particulate matter and carbon emissions, biodiesel or petrodiesel
biodiesel (less carbon emissions as growing the plants required for this fuel source “absorb” carbon from the atmosphere)
enthalpy
the chemical energy contained substance
define gas
a substance with no fixed shape or volume
pressure
the force exerted by a gas on the walls of the container is contained in
what are standard laboratory conditions
25 C, 100 kPa, 1M
products of complete combustion
carbon dioxide and water
products of incomplete combustion
carbon monoxide and water
