Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
Define Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
A disease characterised by recurrent prolapse of the pharyngeal airway and apnoea (cessation of airflow for > 10 s) during sleep , followed by arousal from sleep
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea also known as?
Pickwickian Syndrome
What is the aetiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Occurs due to narrowing of the upper airways because of the collapse of soft tissues of the pharynx
This is due to decreased tone of the pharyngeal dilators during sleep
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea associated with?
Weight Gain Smoking Alcohol Sedative use Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children Macroglossia Marfan's Syndrome Craniofacial abnormalities
What is the epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
COMMON
5-20% of men > 35 yrs
2-5% of women > 35 yrs
Prevalence increases with age
What are the presenting symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Excessive daytime sleepingess Unrefreshing or restless sleep Morning headaches Dry mouth Difficulty concentrating Irritability and mood changes
What might the partner report in a patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Snoring
Nocturnal apnoeic episodes
Nocturnal choking
What are the signs of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Large tongue Enlarged tonsils Long or thick uvula Retrognathia (pulled back jaws) Neck circumference Obesity Hypertension
What is the abnormal neck circumference in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
More than 42 cm in males
More than 40 cm in females
What investigations do we do for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Sleep Study
Bloods
What do we see on a Sleep Study for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Monitor airflow
Respiratory effort
Pulse oximetry
Heart Rate
What bloods do we do for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
TFTs
ABG
