Obstructive sleep apnoea

Question 1

intermittent […] and […] of the upper airway leading to […] episodes during sleep.

Answer 1

intermittent closure and collapse of the upper airway leading to apnoeic episodes during sleep.

Question 2

Investigations
[…] is the traditional gold standard investigation. Physiological parameters are measured while the patient is asleep overnight

Blood pressure

Answer 2

Polysomnography is the traditional gold standard investigation. Physiological parameters are measured while the patient is asleep overnight

Blood pressure

Question 3

Mx
[…] loss
[…] cessation
[…] avoidance in the evening (sedative effect)
[…] ([…][…][…][…]) maintains upper airway patency and is the gold standard

Answer 3

Weight loss
Smoking cessation
Alcohol avoidance in the evening (sedative effect)
CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure) maintains upper airway patency and is the gold standard

Question 4

Complications
- Accidents related to excessive daytime […]
Cardiovascular complications such as […]
Psychological consequences
Association with other cardiovascular comorbidities such as […] […] […], myocardial infarction, stroke and type 2 diabetes
Associated with increase in all cause mortality

Answer 4

Accidents related to excessive daytime sleepiness
Cardiovascular complications such as hypertension
Psychological consequences
Association with other cardiovascular comorbidities such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and type 2 diabetes
Associated with increase in all cause mortality