Obstructive Lung Diseases

Question 1

Conditions Related to Emphysema

Answer 1

Compensatory emphysema

Obstructive overinflation

Bullous emphysema

Mediastinal (interstitial) emphysema

Question 2

…………..-mediated damage of extracellular matrix has a central role in the airway obstruction seen in emphysema.

Answer 2

Protease

Question 3

COPD

Answer 3

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

Question 4

It should be noted that emphysema is defined on the basis of ……………features, whereas chronic bronchitis is defined on the basis of………… features

Answer 4

morphologic and radiologic

clinical

Question 5

……………characterized by goblet cell metaplasia,

In severe cases, there may be complete obliteration of thelumen as a consequence of fibrosis………………

Answer 5

Chronic bronchiolitis

(bronchiolitis obliterans).

Question 6

Goblet cell metaplasia in

Answer 6

Chronic brochiolitis
Asthma

Question 7

Major factors contributing to the development of asthma include

Answer 7

1/genetic predisposition to type I hypersensitivity (atopy).
2/acute and chronic airway inflammation.
3/bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli.

Question 8

Mast cell–derived mediators produce two waves of reaction: an early (immediate) phase and a late phase :-

Answer 8

1/On re-exposure to antigen (Ag), the immediate reaction is triggered by Ag-induced cross-linking of IgE bound to Fc receptors on mast cells.These cells release preformed mediators that directly and via neuronal reflexes induce bronchospasm, increased vascular permeability, mucus production, and recruitment of leukocytes.

2/Leukocytes recruited to the site of reaction (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils; lymphocytes and monocytes) release additional mediators that initiate the late phase of asthma. Several factors released from eosinophils (e.g., major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein) also cause damage to theepithelium.

Question 9

Bronchiectasis is the permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by………………; it typically results from or is associated with……………

Answer 9

Destruction of smooth muscle and the supporting elastic tissue

Chronic necrotizing infections

Question 10

Obstructive lung diseases

Answer 10

FVC is normal or slightly decreased,
(FEV1), is significantly decreased.
the ratio of FEV to FVC is characteristically decreased.