Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Diseases

Question 1

What is meant by Respiratory Failure ?

Answer 1

Refers to the lungs not working as they should therefore not enough oxygen in the blood and therefore in tissues

Question 2

What is cause Respiratory Failure ?

Answer 2

When arterial PO2 = less than 60mmHg -can be accompanied by raised or lowered PCO2 levels

Question 3

Some causes of Respiratory Failure include…

Answer 3

1) Airway obstruction - Asthma
2) Damage to lung tissue - cause of Emphysema
3) Damage to muscle

Question 4

What is the lung disease COPD caused by and is it an example of Obstructive or restrictive lung disease?

Answer 4

Combination of Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disorder

Question 5

What is obstructive lung disease caused by ?

Answer 5

• Increased resistance to airflow caused by partially obstructed
  airways
• Excessive mucus
• Bronchospasm (brochi becomes narrow and constricts)

Question 6

What is restrictive lung disease caused by ?

Answer 6

Expansion of lung = restricted

Question 7

Give an example of restrictive lung disease?

Answer 7

Pulmonary fibrosis (thickening of alveolar wall therefore harder to fill lungs)- Fibrous connective tissue builds up in lungs, reducing elasticity

Question 8

Name one method of calculating lung volume

Answer 8

Spirometry = FEV/FVC x 100 = Forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity

Question 9

What is Emphysema ?

Answer 9

Excess air in the lungs. Often developed due to heavy smoking

Question 10

How is Emphysema developed ?

Answer 10

Inhalation of particles damage air lining and ciliated cells

Question 11

Overproduction of Lysosomal elastase (by nuetrophils) in Emphysema breaks down elastin/collagen which leads to destruction of alveolar walls. TRUE or FALSE ?

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Emphysema can lead to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia ? TRUE or FALSE ?

Answer 12

TRUE
Hypoxia = Lack of 02 in blood
Hypercapnia = Increased levels of CO2

Question 13

What is Chronic Bronchitis ?

Answer 13

Excessive mucus production in the bronchial tree due to hypertrophy (enlargement) of mucous glands = cough

Question 14

Name some treatments of COPD;

Answer 14

• Stop smoking / avoid air pollution
• O2 therapy
• Surgery (lung volume reduction / transplantation)
• Corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)
• Antibiotics can help with Chronic bronchitis

Question 15

Name some treatments of Asthma;

Answer 15

1) Bronchodilators - relax airway smooth muscle
2) Corticosteroids- reduce inflammation, enhance beta receptor expression
3) Mast cell inhibitors - e.g. disodium cromoglycate - prevent mast cell activation

Question 16

Asthma can be caused by hypersensitivity of bronchioles. TRUE or FALSE ?

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Lung cancer can affect any part of the lung from the trachea to bronchioles to lung tissue. TRUE or FALSE ?

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Mesothelioma is a rare form of lung cancer and is linked to asbestos exposure. TRUE or FALSE ?

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Which organs are involved in CF ?

Answer 19

• Liver
• Pancreas
• Intestines
• Respiratory tract

Question 20

CF is an autosomal recessive disease and is caused by the lack of a functional CFTR protein TRUE or FALSE ?

Answer 20

TRUE