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Women's Health Definitions > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation

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2
Q

Gravid

A

The number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome

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3
Q

Para/parity

A

The number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation

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4
Q

G6,P4

A

Pregnant 6 times (includes current pregnancy) and previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20 weeks gestation

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5
Q

Grand multipara

A

A woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20 weeks gestation

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6
Q

Abortion/miscarriage

A

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Labour

A

Regular painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation

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8
Q

Lower uterine segment caesarean section

A

Operative delivery of a baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment

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9
Q

Classical caesarean section

A

Operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus

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10
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Operative delivery of a baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks gestation

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11
Q

Preterm labour

A

Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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12
Q

Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM)

A

Rupture of membranes before onset of labour

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13
Q

Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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14
Q

ARM/AROM

A

Artificial rupture of membranes

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15
Q

SROM

A

Spontaneous rupture of membranes

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16
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period

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17
Q

Naegele’s rule

A

To estimate the probable date of confinement
Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period
(Correction for cycle length (if not 28 days))

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18
Q

First stage of labour

A

From start of labour until full dilatation of the cervix

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19
Q

Second stage of labour

A

From full dilatation of the cervix until birth of the baby

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20
Q

Third stage of labour

A

From birth of the baby until delivery of the placenta and membranes

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21
Q

Spurious or false labour

A

Uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with cervical effacement and dilatation

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22
Q

Oxytocic

A

Medication that stimulates contractions of uterine muscle

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23
Q

Tocolytic

A

Medication to stop uterine contractions

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24
Q

Induction of labour

A

Process of causing labour to commence

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25
Q

Cord prolapse

A

The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes

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26
Q

Episiotomy

A

Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour

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27
Q

Third degree tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter

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28
Q

Second degree tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles

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29
Q

Lochia

A

Vaginal discharge during the puerperium

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30
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Reduced amniotic fluid

31
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excess amniotic fluid

32
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy

33
Q

Eclampsia

A

Seizure in the clinical setting of pre-eclampsia

34
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman

35
Q

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance

36
Q

External cephalic version

A

Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall

37
Q

Retained placenta

A

Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby

38
Q

Precipitate labour

A

Labour less than 4 hours duration

39
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head

40
Q

Puerperium

A

The 6 weeks following delivery

41
Q

Quickening

A

Maternal perception of fetal movements

42
Q

Restitution

A

Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders

43
Q

Show

A

A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour

44
Q

Phototherapy

A

Use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion

45
Q

Exchange transfusion

A

Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice

46
Q

Low birthweight

47
Q

Very low birthweight

48
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress

A

Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis

49
Q

Caesarean hysterectomy

A

Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)

50
Q

Perimortem CS

A

Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life

51
Q

Augmentation of labour

A

The process of stimulating a labour that has already started

52
Q

Placenta praevia

A

Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester

53
Q

Vasa praevia

A

Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part

54
Q

Antepartum haemorrhage

A

Bleeding >5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation

55
Q

Abruption

A

Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period

56
Q

Post partum haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml in the first 24 hours after delivery

57
Q

Secondary post partum haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml more than 24 hours after delivery

58
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Placenta that invades the myometrium

59
Q

Uterine atony

A

Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding

60
Q

Isoimmunisation

A

Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.

61
Q

CTG

A

Cardiotocograph

62
Q

Neonatal death

A

A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown

63
Q

Stillbirth

A

An infant born after 20 weeks gestation (or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth

64
Q

Perinatal mortality rate

A

The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births

65
Q

Maternal death

A

The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery

66
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

67
Q

Infant death

A

Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life

68
Q

Station

A

The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination

69
Q

Lie

A

The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus e.g. longitudinal, oblique, transverse

70
Q

Position

A

The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the mother’s pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST)

71
Q

Presentation

A

The part of the fetus which is presenting eg vertex, breech

72
Q

Asyncitism

A

Side to side tilt of the fetal head

73
Q

Caput

A

Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix

74
Q

Cervical incompetence

A

Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour

Women's Health Definitions (2 decks)

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