Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB/GYN > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

When is the embryo most sensitive to teratogens

A

embroyonic period in first trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does fetus get in head down position?

A

weeks 32-35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are breast changes in pregnancy

A

mastodynia, breast engorgement, colostrum secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Naegel’s rule

A

EDD= first LNMP + 1 year - 3 M + 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pelvic organ changes in pregnancy

A

Chadwick’s sign, Hegar sign, Goodell sign, Ballottement, leucorrhea, pelvic ligament relaxation, abdominal enlargement, uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnosis of pregnancy

A

Fetal heart tones, uterine size/fetal palpation, sonography, serum or urine pregnancy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Best time to estimate gestational age via ultrasound

A

13-20 weeks is most accurate parameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fundal height used to measure

A

uterine size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of early pregnancy failure

A

cardiac activity absence on ultrasound. lab findings also show lack of increase of serial B hCG levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

complications of pregnancy failure

A

DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

aminopterin effect on child while pregnant

A

blocks folic acid= neural tube defects causing cleft lip and cleft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anti epileptics effect on child while pregnant (phenytoin, valproic acid)

A

CV abnormalities, cleft palate, microcephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

effect of isotretinoin in pregnancy

A

neural tube defects, cleft palate, heart defects, abnormalities of outer ears, micronathia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anti-anxiety meds (lithium, phenothiazine, diazepam) in pregnancy

A

cleft lip/palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

androgens and progestins effect in pregnancy

A

female fetuses more masculine, clitoris larger than normal, fused labia, scrotum, and penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DES effect in pregnancy

A

abrnormalities of uterus, vagina, and cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SSRI effect in pregnancy

A

irritability, tremor, increased RR, nasal congestion, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

invasive genetic diagnostic testing

A

chorionic villus sampling done in first trimester and amniocentesis, done after 15 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Quad marker screen done between 15-20 weeks pregnancy to detect the following:

A

alpha fetoprotein, hCG, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which hormones are produced by placenta, seen 15-20 weeks of pregnancy?

A

hCG and Inhibin-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Unconjugated estriol

A

protein produced by placenta and baby’s liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

prognosis of edwards and patau syndrome

A

edwards- usually die in fetal stage. Patau- usually die within days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

trisomy 13

A

patau syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

trisomy 18

A

edwards syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy

A

HPV, influenza in live attenuated form, MMR, varicella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

standard visits when pregnant

A

every month at 0-32 weeks, 32-36 every 2 weeks, after 36 weeks every week visit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

types of gestational trophoblastic diseases

A

hydatidiform mole and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

types of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

A

persistent/invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental-site trophoblastic tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Most common form of GTD

A

hydatidiform mole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

GTD characterized by

A

beta subunit of hCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Patient presents with abnormal uterine bleeding at 8 weeks gestation, has excessive amounts of N/V, larger uterus than expected, and enlarged cystic ovaries that are palpable. She has not had any previous pregnancies, Diet deficient in folic acid, poor, and is 18 years old. Dx and tests?

A

Hydatidiform mole. Serum hCG beta subunit greater than 40,000 mU/mL and urinary hCG greater than 100,000 units/24 hours. Imaging- US and CXR to r/o pulmonary metastases of trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

“snow storm” image on ultrasound, amenorrhea, irregular uterine bleeding

A

gestational trophoblastic disease

33
Q

F/U with GTD

A

effective contraception. quantitative hCG levels- goal is below 5 mU/mL. First 2 weeks, check weekly. after 2 negative weekly tests, check monthly for 6 months. then every 2 months for a year

34
Q

neonatal defined as

A

birth to 28 days

35
Q

perinatal defined as

A

28 weeks gestation to 7 days after birth

36
Q

corrected age=

A

chronological age - # weeks born prematurely

37
Q

primiparous

A

pregnant for first time

38
Q

how early might colostrum secretion occur

A

as early as 11 weeks

39
Q

braxton hick’s contractions usually begin around…

A

28 weeks

40
Q

cardiac activity detected when in fetus?

A

at about 5-6 weeks viz transvaginal sonogram

41
Q

when can you detect hCG

A

serum- 7 days after conception or 21-22 days after LNMP. Urine- first voided morning urine sample

42
Q

half life of hCG

A

1.5 days

43
Q

when does hCG go back down to normal levels?

A

21-24 days after delivery/fetal loss

44
Q

when is gestational age usually determined and how?

A

by crown rump length between 6-13 weeks gestation. by ultrasound, most accurate parameter is between 13-20 weeks

45
Q

smoking effect on mothers

A

difficulty getting pregnant, water breaks too early, placenta separates from womb too early causing bleeding, and placenta covers cervix causing complications. may also cause pregnancy to occur outside of womb

46
Q

smoking effect on babies

A

born too small, too early, sudden infant death syndrome, fetal or infant death. May also cause miscarriage or certain birth defects

47
Q

drinking during pregnancy

A

can cause growth issues and CNS or behavioral problems. if during first trimester, can cause abnormal facial features

48
Q

incresed alpha fetoprotein associated with

A

increased risk of spina bifida, twins

49
Q

increased hCG level

A

increased risk of downs syndrome, or might be gestational trophoblastic tumor

50
Q

ptyalism

A

excessive salivation

51
Q

when do drugs, nicotine, and alcohol have their greatest effect during pregnancy?

A

during organogenesis- embryonic stage, which is 2-10 weeks gestation

52
Q

nutriotional requirements in pregnancy

A

1 g/kg/day + 20 g/day in second half of pregnancy protein, 1200mg calcium, 30 g Iron, 0.4 mg folic acid, inc caloric requirement- about 400 kcal/day in second and third trimesters

53
Q

tx options for GTD

A

suction dilation and curettage, methotrexate or dactinomycin, multi-agent chemotherapy, hysterectomy, oral contraceptives

54
Q

complication of GTD

A

thyrotoxicosis

55
Q

if maternal T4 is low, what is consequence?

A

Maternal t4 converted to T3 which is needed for fetal dev. of brain. if less maternal T4, this results in low fetal T3 in brain

56
Q

antithyroid meds not to be used in pregnancy

A

methimazole. but can use PTU

57
Q

when is peripartum cardiomyopathy diagnosed?

A

late pregnancy or about 5 months after delivery

58
Q

left ventricular systolic dysfunction less than 45% in woman in last month of pregnancy with no previous hx of heart disease. suspect..

A

peripartum cardiomyopathy

59
Q

tx of peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

supportive care, diuretics, vasodilators, digitalis, maybe BB. If EF less than 34%, prophylactic anticoagulation during pregnancy and full anticoagulation for 7-10 days after delivery to avoid thromboembolism

60
Q

NEW murmur during systole in woman that is 7 months pregnant who is very tired and appears swollen, has SOB, racing heart. how to diagnose?

A

EKG, BNP to check for stretching of myocardium, chest Xray may see cardiomegaly, Hgb and TSHrT4 to check for other fatigue causes, BMP or CMP for electrolytes

61
Q

anatomic disorders of placenta

A

twin twin transfusion syndrome, placental infarction, chorioangioma, amniotic bands

62
Q

abnormalities in placental implantation

A

placenta previa and accreta

63
Q

amputation of limbs or digits can be a consequence of this placental disorder

A

amniotic bands

64
Q

painless, bright red vaginal bleeding

A

placenta previa (in 2nd or third trimester), placenta accreta (after 24 weeks)

65
Q

types of placenta previa

A

complete, partial, marginal, or low-lying

66
Q

placenta increta

A

invasion into myometrium

67
Q

placenta percreta

A

goes all the way through myometrium, associated with postpartum hemorrhage, increased need for immediate hysterectomy

68
Q

invasion into myometrium ranges

A

a little bit- accreta, halfway- increta. all the way through- percreta

69
Q

reasons for spontaneous births

A

pre term labor, PPROM (pretermed premature rupture of membranes), cervical incompetence

70
Q

maternal complications from multiple gestation

A

pre-eclampsia, gestation diabetes, pre term labor, post partum hemorrhage, UTI’s, placenta previa

71
Q

fetal complications from multiple gestation

A

spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, structural anomalies, fetal growth restriction, twin twin transfusion, malpresentation

72
Q

painless, third trimester bright red bleeding

A

placenta previa

73
Q

which types of placenta previa can you deliver vaginally vs. c-section

A

vaginally- marginal, low lying, and incomplete. c-section= complete (completely over cervix)

74
Q

NO DIGITAL VAGINAL EXAMS if this condition

A

placenta previa

75
Q

separation of placenta from uterine wall

A

abruptio placentae

76
Q

abruptio placenta risk factors

A

trauma, smoking, HTN, drug use, pre term rupture of membranes, multiparity

77
Q

PAINFUL vaginal bleeding could be in any trimester, contracting like crazy

A

abruptio placentae

78
Q

post partum hemorrhage blood lost

A

vaginal delivery more than 500 cc. if c-section, more than 1,000-1,100 cc

79
Q

management of post partum hemorrhage

A

PITOCIN, cytatec, methergine, hemabate

OB/GYN (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions