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Phase 3a > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

Early miscarriage?

A

<12wks gestation

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2
Q

Late miscarriage?

A

12-24wks gestation

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3
Q

Missed miscarriage?

A

Fetus no longer alive - no symptoms occurred

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4
Q

Threated miscarriage?

A

Vaginal bleed with closed cervix, but fetus still alive

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5
Q

Inevitable miscarriage?

A

Vaginal bleed with open cervix

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6
Q

Incomplete miscarriage?

A

Retained conception products remain in uterus after miscarriage

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7
Q

Complete miscarriage?

A

Full miscarriage; no conception products left in uterus

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8
Q

Anembryonic pregnancy?

A

Gestational sac present, but contains no embryo.

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9
Q

Investigation of choice for dx a miscarriage?

A

Transvaginal ultrasound

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10
Q

Rupture of membranes?

A

Amniotic sac ruptured

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11
Q

Spontaneous rupture of membranes?

A

Spontaneous rupture of amniotic sac

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12
Q

Prelabour rupture of membranes?

A

Rupture before onset of labor

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13
Q

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes?

A

Amniotic sac ruptured before onset of labor and before 37wks gestation (preterm)

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14
Q

Prolonged rupture of membranes?

A

Amniotic sac ruptures >18 hours before delivery

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15
Q

Prematurity?

A

Birth <37wks gestation

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16
Q

WHO prematurity:
Extreme preterm?
Very preterm?
Moderate to late preterm?

A

Extreme: <28wks
Very: 28-32wks
Moderate to late: 32-37wks

17
Q

Rupture of membranes?

SROM?

A

Amniotic sac rupture

Spontaneous rupture of amniotic sac

18
Q

P-PROM?

A

Rupture of membranes prior to onset of labour in patient <37wks gestation

19
Q

P (prolonged) ROM?

A

Amniotic sac ruptures >18hrs before delivery

20
Q

P (prelabour) ROM?

A

Amniotic sac rupture before labour onset

21
Q

What are risk factors and think of two major risk factors for PROM?

A

2 major: smoking and short cervical length (<25mm)

Vaginal bleed during pregnancy, +ve amniotic fluid cultures, previous preterm delivery

22
Q

What x2 can be offered as prevention for PROM?

A

Vaginal progesterone

Cervical cleavage

23
Q

Who is cervical cleavage offered to for PROM?

A

<25mm cervical length on vaginal USS between 16-24 wks.
Cervical trauma
Previous premature birth

24
Q

Who is vaginal progesterone offered to for PROM?

A

<25mm cervical length on USS between 16-24wks.

25
Q

Dx for PROM? think x2

A

Vaginal speculum exam

IGFBP-1 in high conc. in amniotic fluid (alternative is PAMG-1)

26
Q

Examples of magnesium sulphate toxicity signs?

A

Tendon reflex absent (patella to test), reduced RR and BP.

27
Q

What can be given as a prophylaxis against chorioamnionitis?

A

Erythromycin 250mg qds for 10 day course.

28
Q

Why might IM betamethasone be given for PROM?

A

Helps to reduced rate of neonatal death, RDS and IV hemorrhage.

29
Q

Monozygotic?

Dizygotic?

A

Identical twins from single zygote

Non-identical from different zygotes

30
Q

Monoamniotic?

Diamniotic?

A

Single amniotic sac

Two separate amniotic sacs

31
Q

Monochorionic?

Dichorionic?

A

Single placenta

Two separate placentas

32
Q

What are the best outcomes in twin pregnancy?

A

Diamniotic and dichorionic (separate sacs and nutrient supplies)

33
Q

Multiple pregnancy:

If embryo splits are 3 days what is the resultant?

A

Two chorions, two amnions

34
Q

Multiple pregnancy:

If embryo splits at 4-7 days what is the resultant?

A

Single placenta, one chorion, two amnions

35
Q

Multiple pregnancy:

If embryo splits at 8-12 days what is the resultant?

A

Single placenta, one chorion, one amnion

36
Q

Multiple pregnancy:

If embryo splits at 13 days what is the resultant?

A

Conjoined (Siamese) twins - very rare

Phase 3a (5 decks)

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