Obstetric Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Antepartum Haemorrhage

Definition

A

Bleeding after 20 weeks until the end of the second stage

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2
Q

Antepartum Haemorrhage

Causes

A
Marginal Bleed/other (50%)
Placenta Praevia (30%)
Placental Abruption (20%)
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3
Q

Antepartum Haemorrhage

Management

A

Resuscitation and delivery only if maternal/fetal compromise

Anti-D if Rh-ve

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4
Q

Marginal Bleed

A

Leak in the ‘maternal lake’
Painless and non-tender
Self-limiting
Placenta not praevia on scan

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5
Q

Placenta Praevia

A

Presence of placental tissue overlying or proximate to the internal cervical os
Painless, non-tender
No contractions
Well fetus unless there is severe maternal hypotension
R/F include previous C/S, parity and age
Low grade (placenta not crossing os) vs high grade (crosses os - requires C/S)

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6
Q

Placental Abruption

A

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus
Blood (usually maternal) leaks between the placenta and the uterus
Painful and tender
Contractions
Fetal compromise
Maternal effects include acute blood loss, DIC, multiple organ failure and PPH
Fetal effects include acute progressive hypoxia
Management - resuscitate, coagulate, deliver if possible (anti-D if Rh-ve)

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7
Q

Placenta Accreta

A

Placenta is morbidly attached to the uterine muscle rather than the lining.
R/F include previous LUSCS and placenta praevia, and age (independent RF)

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8
Q

Cord prolapse

A

Polyhydramnios on US
Made to sit in knee chest position
Theatre for Em C/S

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9
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

Head comes out and goes back in again - “turtle necking”

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10
Q

Uterine rupture

A

Previous C/S for placenta praevia, constant lower abdominal pain, foetal bradycardia

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