Obstet/Gyn

Question 1

MC hormonal (endocrine) disorder among women of reproductive age & Leading cause of infertility

Answer 1

PCOS

Question 2

• obesity
• anovulation (irreg menstruation)
• excessive androgen hormones
• hyperinsulinemia (due to increased insulin resistance)
• elevated LH/FSH ratio

Answer 2

PCOS

Question 3

(rarely cause infertility)

• Heavy/prolonged menstrual bleeding
• pelvic pressure or pain
• frequent urination
• difficulty emptying bladder
• constipation
• backache/leg pains

Answer 3

uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)

Question 4

• hypertension arises in pregnancy (prego-induced HTN)
• associated with proteinuria
• (~20 weeks gestation)
• incr swelling/edema
• elev uric acid & albumin upon urinalysis

Answer 4

preeclampsia

Question 5

• appearance of tonic-clonic seizures
• (~20 week gestation)
• MC of dangerous prego complications

Answer 5

eclampsia

Question 6

2nd leading cancer-related cause of death in women (lung)

• fam hx
• benign breast disease
• relationship to menstruation (i.e. 1st prego after 30 YO, early menses, late menopause after 55 YO)
• HRT
• BRCA1 and/or BRCA2
• alcohol, smoking, fat intake, weight gain/obesity

Answer 6

breast cancer

Question 7

Risk factors:

• caucasion/asian background
• early menopause
• fam hx
• lean body habitus
• lack of exercise/excessive exercise in the young
• glucocorticoids
• alcohol, smoking, low Ca2+, low VitD, high Na+, high phosphate (carbonated drinks), too much caffeine, high protein diet
• high homocysteine levels

Answer 7

Osteoporosis