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Psychology: Psychopathology > Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder > Flashcards

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

What do individuals with OCD experience?

A
  • Obsessions: intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges.
  • Compulsions: the need to engage in repetitive behaviours or mental acts.
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2
Q

What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Persistent, unintentional and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive, unpleasant and distressing.
  • Usually the individual knows that their thoughts and urges are irrational.
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3
Q

What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Repetitive and ritualistic acts that are typically carried out to minimise the distress that obsessions trigger or reduce the likelihood of a feared event.
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4
Q

What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Can cause the individual to experience servere anxiety and distress.
  • An individual may feel guilt after a distressing obsession.
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5
Q

How do genetics play a role in OCD?

A

OCD is five times more frequent in the first-degree relatives of people with OCD than in people without it.

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6
Q

How many genes are involved in OCD?

A

About two dozen.

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7
Q

What neurotransmitters do OCD genes regulate?

A
  • Serotonin.
  • Dopamine.
  • Glutamate.
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8
Q

What brain region is believed to play a crucial role in OCD?

A

The orbitofrontal cortex.

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9
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex involved in?

A

Learning and decision-making.

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10
Q

What happens to the orbitofrontal cortex in people with OCD?

A

Becomes especially hyperactive when they are provoked.

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11
Q

What is the OCD circuit?

A

Several interconnected regions that influence the perceived emotional value of stimuli and the selection of both behavioural and cognitive responses.

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12
Q

What is displayed by the OCD circuit during symptom provocation?

A

Heightened activity.

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13
Q

What do individuals with OCD display in their orbitofrontal cortex compared to those without OCD?

A

A substantially higher degree of connectivity.

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14
Q

What are the weaknesses of neural findings regarding OCD?

A
  • Don’t explain the difference between obsessions and compulsions.
  • The correlational relationship between neurological abnormalities and OCD symptoms cannot imply causation.
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15
Q

How do anti-anxiety drugs help to treat OCD?

A
  • Valium increases levels of GABA in the brain which helps to calm people down.
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16
Q

How do mood modifiers help to treat OCD?

A
  • Sertraline helps to boost mood and reduce the tendency to worry.
17
Q

What are the weaknesses of using drugs to treat OCD?

A
  • They can take four to six weeks to take effect.
  • They can have side effects.

Psychology: Psychopathology (7 decks)

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