Observing God's World Test 5 Flashcards
Ch 3 (3.1-3.4)
monstrous waves sometimes caused by earthquakes
tsunamis
a break at the boundary between two moving masses of rock
fault
the point underground where an earthquake begins
focus
the place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake
epicenter
any trembling or shaking of the earth’s crust
earthquake
the term for the strength of an earthquake
magnitude
when natural acids eat into a rock, breaking it apart
chemical weathering
the temperature of rocks (decreases, increases) with depth
increases
created when trapped gases blast through the earth’s surface
vent
allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth
volcano
scientists who study the structure of the earth
geologists
the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces
weathering
the boundary between the earth’s crust and its mantle
moho discontinuity
the underwater mountain ranges
mid-oceanic ridges
the study of earthquakes
seismology
a volcano that has been active at some time in recorded history, but has not had a recent eruption
dormant
a volcano that produces lava fountains or fire curtains
Hawaiian
a volcano characterized by hot clouds of gas and dust that it expels
Plinian
a volcano that has erupted recently
active
a volcano that has not erupted in recorded history
extinct
magma that has reached the earth’s surface
lava
the belt of volcanoes running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean
Ring of Fire
a depression found at the top of a volcano
crater
holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases
fumaroles
smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly
tephra
three main layers of the earth
crust
mantle
core
three types of volcanoes
shield
cinder cone
composite
