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Psychology Research Methods > Observations > Flashcards

Observations Flashcards

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1
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Watching and recording behaviour in the setting in which it would normally occur

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2
Q

Naturalistic observation- Strengths

A
  • High ecological validity
  • Minimises demand characteristics
  • High external validity
  • Can be generalised
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3
Q

Naturalistic observation- Weaknesses

A
  • Difficult to replicate
  • High risk of extraneous/confounding variables
  • Low internal validity
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4
Q

Controlled observation

A

Watching and recording behaviour within a structured environment- where some variables are controlled

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5
Q

Controlled observation- Strengths

A
  • High internal validity
  • Easier to standardise
  • Limited extraneous variables
  • Allows for standardised procedures
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6
Q

Controlled observation- Weaknesses

A
  • Lack of ecological validity
  • Low external validity
  • Increased risk of demand characteristics
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7
Q

Covert observation

A

Participants’ behaviour is watched and recorded without their knowledge or consent

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8
Q

Covert observation- Strengths

A
  • Reduced demand characteristics
  • High ecological validity
  • High internal validity
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9
Q

Covert observation- Weaknesses

A
  • Ethical issues- consent and confidentiality
  • Difficult to replicate
  • Potential observer bias
  • Data collection may be difficult
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10
Q

Overt observation

A

Participants’ behaviour is watched and recorded with their knowledge and consent

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11
Q

Overt observation- Strengths

A
  • Ethical transparency
  • Reduced observer bias
  • Easy to generate and record data
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12
Q

Overt observation- Weaknesses

A
  • Risk of demand characteristics
  • Limited generalisability
  • May respond in socially desirable way
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13
Q

Participant observation

A

The researcher becomes a member of the group whose behaviour they are watching and recording

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14
Q

Participant observation- Strengths

A
  • Gain insight into PPs lives
  • Increased external validity
  • More natural behaviour
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15
Q

Participant observation- Weaknesses

A
  • Researcher may lose objectivity
  • Risk of researcher bias
  • Ethical concerns
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16
Q

Non-participant observation

A

The researcher remains outside of the group whose behaviour they are watching and recording

17
Q

Non-participant observation- Strengths

A
  • No researcher bias due to identifying with group
    -Systematically recorded behaviours
  • Maintain objectivity
18
Q

Non-participant observation- Weaknesses

A
  • May lose valuable insight as they are too far removed
  • Potential for misinterpretation

Psychology Research Methods (3 decks)

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