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research methods > observations > Flashcards

observations Flashcards

1
Q

what is a naturalistic observation?

A

a naturalistic observation is an observation on behaviour which occurs in a natural setting with no control over variables

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2
Q

what are the advantages of naturalistic observations?

A
  • good ecological validity
  • allows research on sensitive topics
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3
Q

what is a disadvantage of natural observations?

A
  • no control over extraneous variables
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4
Q

what is a controlled observation?

A

a controlled observation is an observation on behaviour in a specifically created setting with control over variables

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5
Q

what is the advantages of controlled observations?

A
  • control over variables which reduces bias which causes results to be more reliable
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6
Q

what is the disadvantages of a controlled observation?

A
  • lacks ecological validity which reduces generalisation
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7
Q

what is a non-participant observation?

A

this is where the person remains at a distance from the people observed

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8
Q

what is an advantage of non-participant observation?

A

easier to remain detached

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9
Q

what is a disadvantage of non-participant observation?

A

difficult to understand reasons for behaviour

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10
Q

what is a participant observation?

A

this is when the researcher joins the group they want to observe

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11
Q

what is an advantage of participant observation?

A

better at understanding behaviour

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12
Q

what is a disadvantage of participant observation?

A

observation may become less objective

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13
Q

what is an overt observation?

A

this is when the researcher reveals their presence and obtain permission to observe

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14
Q

what is an advantage of overt observation?

A

reduces ethical problems

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15
Q

what is a disadvantage of overt observation?

A

those observed may act different

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16
Q

what is a covert (disclosed) observation?

A

this is when the researcher doesn’t tell the participant they are being observed

17
Q

what is an advantage of covert (disclosed) observation?

A

behaviour observed may be natural

18
Q

what is a disadvantage of covert (disclosed) observation?

A

lack of consent given

19
Q

what does operationalisation mean?

A

categories must be defined clearly

20
Q

what does comprehensive mean?

A

there should be no categories missing

21
Q

what does separate mean?

A

categories should be separate and precise

research methods (1 decks)

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