observations

Question 1

collecting data- tally counts

Answer 1

the observer writes down when and how many times certain behaviours occurred

Question 2

collecting data- observer narratives

Answer 2

the observer may take notes during the session then go back later to try to collect data and discern behaviour patterns from these notes

Question 3

collecting data- audio / video recordings

Answer 3

depending upon the type of behaviour being observed, the researchers might also decide to make actual audio or video-taped recordings of each observation session.

Question 4

event sampling

Answer 4

the observer records each event that meets a predetermined definition e.g. ticking a box each time somebody scratches their head

Question 5

time sampling

Answer 5

occurs when the researcher decides on a time interval (e.g. 5 seconds) and then records what behaviour is occurring at that time

Question 6

structured observation
(qualitative and quantitative)

Answer 6

no manipulation of variables
lab based and controlled
‘strange situation’

Question 7

naturalistic observation
(qualitative and quantitative)

Answer 7

observation of animals and humans in their natural environments e.g. public places

Question 8

covert observation

Answer 8

the identity of the researcher, the nature of the research project, and the fact that the participants are being observed are concealed from those who are being studied
e.g. observed through camera / oneway mirror

Question 9

overt observation

Answer 9

those being observed are aware of the presence of the observer
e.g. sign in area

Question 10

participant

Answer 10

experimenter becomes part of the group they’re watching

Question 11

non-participant

Answer 11

researcher is not part of the study and observes from a distance