Observation

Question 1

Pearson

Answer 1

Used his CAGE to use CPO to study football hooliganism:

Commuted some “minor offences” in order to fit in

Question 2

Parker

Answer 2

OPO with football training scheme :
Found different Rps accepted him whilst others didn’t.
Data analysis was difficult as so many different types of data to synthesise

Question 3

Barker

Answer 3

OPO of the “Moonies” (NRM) - took 7 years. Was overt as get like couldn’t lie for ethical reasons. Gained trust of RPs as they felt she was listening to them rather than listening to negative reporting about the group .

Question 4

Ventakesh

Answer 4

OPO: approached a gang and was taken hostage. Eventually they gave permission for him to study them.
“Went native”- took part in a gang beating and spent 7 years on research

Question 5

King

Answer 5

Used ONPO to research children in a classroom : at first , children were curious but over time, his presence became the norm. Recorders notes as went through and used pre- defined behaviour categories to make reliable.

Question 6

Humphreys

Answer 6

Used C(N)soo - acted as voyeur lookout to watch impersonal sex between men in public bathrooms. Only method due to stigma at the time surrounding homosexuality. But deceit; tracked and posed as a health researcher.

Question 7

Willis

Answer 7

Used ONPO -researched the Lads and their anti - school subculture :
Witnessed the lads fighting, using racist and homophobic language - guilty knowledge

Question 8

Hammersley

Answer 8

Used CNPO in staff Rooms at schools where he was working as a supply teacher to see how staff really spoke about students . Ethical issues of deceit/ able to use his CAGE to help him fit in.

Question 9

Overt

Answer 9

RPs know that they are being watched

Question 10

Covert

Answer 10

RPs do not know that they are being watched

Question 11

Non- participant observation

Answer 11

Researcher watches the RPs but doesn’t get involved

Question 12

Participant observation

Answer 12

Researchers gets involved with the RPs / the research itself

Question 13

Going native

Answer 13

When the researcher loses their objectivity due to spending so long with the group

Question 14

Social desirability effect

Answer 14

When people behave differently because they want to impress others

Question 15

Hawthorne effect

Answer 15

When people behave differently because they are being watched

Question 16

Getting in , staying in , getting out

Answer 16

The three stages of observations