obs & gynae PT Flashcards
where are LH and FSH released from?
ant pit
what are the symptoms of menopause (two categroeis..)
loss of oestrogen
loss of progesterone
how long do post menopausal women need to use contraception for?
12 months after the last period in women > 50 years
24 months after the last period in women < 50 years
how do you confirm
FSH - 2 measurements - 2 weeks apart - if elevated in both measurements - going through the menopause
treating menopause with HRT
without a womb - oestrogen replacement
with a womb - oestrogen + progesterone
what are the differentials of PMB?
ENDOMETRIAL CA
uterine polyps
fibroids (as always)
define premature menopause and early perimenopause
Premature menopause, also called ‘premature ovarian insufficiency’ or ‘premature ovarian failure’, is usually defined as menopause occurring before the age of 40 years.
early perimenopause (menopause between the ages of 40 and 45 years)
what is the management of FIGO stage 1+2 endometrial Ca (and what are the definitions of them…)
radial hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy.
what are the two classifications of endometrial Ca?
oestrogen dependent
non-oest dependent
what are the causes of a discrepancy between SFH and gest age
incorrect dating incorrect measurinf mult preg polyhydramnios gestational diabetes masternal obesity
what is polyhydramnious and what are the RFs?
xs vol of amniotic fluid
usually increased foetal urination / decreased foetal swallowing
RFs: mult gestation / mat DM / oesoph atresia / T18 edwards/ T21 / foetal anaemia
50% idiopathic
how would you manage polyhydramnios
ID cause - OGGT / TORRCH screen / amniocentesis if considering genetic abnormalities
how would you manage polyhydramnios
ID cause - OGGT / TORRCH screen / amniocentesis if considering genetic abnormalities
**look at more
how is GDM defined?
FPG>5.6
RPG>7.8
urinary proteins??
what is the managment of GDM?
- FPG5.6-7 = start on lifestyle, add insulin if inadequate after 1/2wks
- FPG5.6-7 + Polyhydramnios etc OR FPG>7.0 - Insulin + lifestyle (add metformin if required)
what is the management (acronym) of active labour
PROGRESS
what is the management of shoulder dystocia?
- HELP - call senior obstetrician + senior midwife
- stop mat pushing
- avoid downward traction of the foetal head
- mcroberts manouverue
5 more advanced manouvers - emergency category 1 C section
what are the complications of shoulder dystocia?
- mat
- foetal
- PPH /
2. death / erb’s palsy
which investigation NEEDS to be done in placenta praevia
TV-Ultrasound scan..
what are the 6 things in a placenta praevia / accreta bundle
1. consultant obstetrician planned 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
what are red flag symptoms for suspected pre-eclampsi
blurred vision abdo pain clonus headache - severe, usually frontal vomiting epigastric pain / liver tenderness - HELPP syndrome
what is the crieria for preeclampsia
pregannt woman with
bp>140/90
urine dip 1 or more plus of protein
how do you manage (moderate) gestational HTN
criteria - 150-1
labetalol
weekly bp and urine dip
others - check
when does the foetus have to be delivered in a pre-eclampsia pregnancy?
34-36 weeks
